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Gene Review:

par-3 - Protein PAR-3

Caenorhabditis elegans

Cheng, N.N. et al., Hung, T.J. et al., Schetter, A. et al., Suzuki, A. et al., Colombo, K. et al., et al.

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High impact information on par-3

Mutations in two of these genes, par-3 and par-6, exhibit similar phenotypes [1].
Overall, this phenotype is very similar to that caused by mutations in a previously described gene, par-3 [2].
Ten years ago, par-1 and par-3 were cloned as two of the six par genes essential for the asymmetric division of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote [3].
The failed orientation phenotype of npp-1(RNAi) is at least partially epistatic to the ectopic spindle rotation in the AB blastomere of par-3 mutant embryos [4].
Analysis of double mutants shows that par-3 is epistatic to par-2 [5].

Biological context of par-3

We propose a model wherein par-2(+) and par-3(+) act in concert during the first cell cycle to affect asymmetric modification of the cytoskeleton [5].

Associations of par-3 with chemical compounds

GPR-1/2 interacted with guanosine diphosphate-bound GOA-1 and were enriched on the posterior cortex in a par-3- and par-2-dependent manner [6].

References

PAR-6 is a conserved PDZ domain-containing protein that colocalizes with PAR-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Hung, T.J., Kemphues, K.J. Development (1999) [Pubmed]
par-6, a gene involved in the establishment of asymmetry in early C. elegans embryos, mediates the asymmetric localization of PAR-3. Watts, J.L., Etemad-Moghadam, B., Guo, S., Boyd, L., Draper, B.W., Mello, C.C., Priess, J.R., Kemphues, K.J. Development (1996) [Pubmed]
The PAR-aPKC system: lessons in polarity. Suzuki, A., Ohno, S. J. Cell. Sci. (2006) [Pubmed]
Nucleoporins NPP-1, NPP-3, NPP-4, NPP-11 and NPP-13 are required for proper spindle orientation in C. elegans. Schetter, A., Askjaer, P., Piano, F., Mattaj, I., Kemphues, K. Dev. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Control of cleavage spindle orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans: the role of the genes par-2 and par-3. Cheng, N.N., Kirby, C.M., Kemphues, K.J. Genetics (1995) [Pubmed]
Translation of polarity cues into asymmetric spindle positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Colombo, K., Grill, S.W., Kimple, R.J., Willard, F.S., Siderovski, D.P., Gönczy, P. Science (2003) [Pubmed]

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