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Gene Review

sax-3  -  Protein SAX-3

Caenorhabditis elegans

 
 
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High impact information on sax-3

  • The C. elegans sax-3 gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein with five immunoglobulin domains and three fibronectin type III repeats that is closely related to Drosophila Robo [1].
  • A sax-3::GFP fusion gene is expressed in developing neurons during axon outgrowth, and sax-3 function is required at the time of axon guidance, suggesting that this gene mediates cell interactions during guidance decisions [1].
  • Mutations in sax-3 lead to repeated midline crossing by ventral cord axons that normally do not cross the midline after they join the ventral cord, a phenotype similar to that of robo mutants. sax-3 is also required for guidance of some axons to the ventral cord, implicating this gene in two different types of guidance events [1].
  • We have linked individual HS modifications to two specific guidance systems, the sax-3/Robo and kal-1/Anosmin-1 systems, whose activity is dependent on different HS modifications in different cellular contexts [2].
  • Surprisingly, slt-1 mutants do not exhibit the nerve ring and epithelial defects of sax-3 mutants, suggesting that SAX-3 has both Slit-dependent and Slit-independent functions in development [3].
 

Anatomical context of sax-3

  • Genetic screens in animals that express the green fluorescent protein in a subset of sensory neurons identified eight new sax genes that affect the morphology of nerve ring axons. sax-3/robo mutations disrupt axon guidance in the nerve ring, while sax-5, sax-9 and unc-44 disrupt both axon guidance and axon extension [4].

References

  1. The conserved immunoglobulin superfamily member SAX-3/Robo directs multiple aspects of axon guidance in C. elegans. Zallen, J.A., Yi, B.A., Bargmann, C.I. Cell (1998) [Pubmed]
  2. Differential sulfations and epimerization define heparan sulfate specificity in nervous system development. Bülow, H.E., Hobert, O. Neuron (2004) [Pubmed]
  3. C. elegans slit acts in midline, dorsal-ventral, and anterior-posterior guidance via the SAX-3/Robo receptor. Hao, J.C., Yu, T.W., Fujisawa, K., Culotti, J.G., Gengyo-Ando, K., Mitani, S., Moulder, G., Barstead, R., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Bargmann, C.I. Neuron (2001) [Pubmed]
  4. Genes required for axon pathfinding and extension in the C. elegans nerve ring. Zallen, J.A., Kirch, S.A., Bargmann, C.I. Development (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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