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Gene Review:

dadX - alanine racemase

Escherichia coli UTI89

Lobocka, M. et al., Kao, J.S. et al., Strych, U. et al., Wild, J. et al., Ju, J. et al.

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Disease relevance of dadX

Moreover, we demonstrate that expression of a K35A Y235A double mutation of dadX in E. coli suppresses bacterial growth in a dominant negative fashion [1].
Gene organization surrounding the dadX gene is highly conserved among Pseudomonas strains [2].

High impact information on dadX

The pathogenicity island begins 7 bp downstream of dadX (catabolic alanine racemase; 26.55 min) and ends at a position in the K-12 genome 75 bp downstream of the metV tRNA gene (62.74 min); this suggests that a chromosomal rearrangement has occurred relative to the K-12 linkage map [3].
The dadA and dadX genes were localized to a 3.5-kb part of the plasmid insert [4].
The organization of the dadA and dadX genes confirmed our previous conclusion based on the genetic data (J. Wild, J. Hennig, M. Lobocka, W. Walczak, and T. Kłopotowski, Mol. Gen. Genet. 198:315-322, 1985) that these genes form an operon [4].
The dadX alanine racemase activity is unusually refractory to changes of incubation temperature [5].

References

Mutant analysis shows that alanine racemases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are dimeric. Strych, U., Benedik, M.J. J. Bacteriol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Cloning of alanine racemase genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens strains and oligomerization states of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. Ju, J., Yokoigawa, K., Misono, H., Ohnishi, K. J. Biosci. Bioeng. (2005) [Pubmed]
Pathogenicity island sequences of pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 are associated with virulent uropathogenic strains. Kao, J.S., Stucker, D.M., Warren, J.W., Mobley, H.L. Infect. Immun. (1997) [Pubmed]
Organization and expression of the Escherichia coli K-12 dad operon encoding the smaller subunit of D-amino acid dehydrogenase and the catabolic alanine racemase. Lobocka, M., Hennig, J., Wild, J., Kłopotowski, T. J. Bacteriol. (1994) [Pubmed]
Identification of the dadX gene coding for the predominant isozyme of alanine racemase in Escherichia coli K12. Wild, J., Hennig, J., Lobocka, M., Walczak, W., Kłopotowski, T. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1985) [Pubmed]

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