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Gene Review:

PKS1 - phytochrome kinase substrate 1

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1, T17M13.12, T17M13_12

Lariguet, P. et al., Sineshchekov, V. et al., Lariguet, P. et al., Fankhauser, C. et al.

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High impact information on PKS1

A phytochrome binding protein, PKS1 (phytochrome kinase substrate 1), was identified that is a substrate for light-regulated phytochrome kinase activity in vitro [1].
Moreover, the two proteins can interact with each other, and PKS2 negatively regulates PKS1 protein levels specifically under VLFR conditions [2].
Phytochrome kinase substrate1 (PKS1) is a cytoplasmic protein that interacts physically with, and is phosphorylated by, the plant photoreceptor phytochrome [2].
We propose that PKS1 and PKS2 are involved in a growth regulatory loop that provides homeostasis to phyA signaling in the VLFR [2].
The strong enhancement of PKS1 expression by blue light and its light induction in the elongation zone of the hypocotyl prompted us to study the function of this gene family during phototropism [3].

Biological context of PKS1

Autophosphorylation of phytochrome A (phyA) and transphosphorylation of its reaction partners, phytochrome kinase substrate 1 (PKS1) in particular, might play important functions in signal transduction from phyA [4].

Anatomical context of PKS1

We show that PKS1 induction by a pulse of blue light is phytochrome A-dependent, suggesting that the PKS proteins may provide a molecular link between these two photoreceptor families [3].

Other interactions of PKS1

The fact that in the single mutants there are only small changes in the phyA'/phyA'' ratio, while in the double mutant the ratio is considerably affected, indicates that PKS1 or PKS2 act redundantly with each other in this regard [4].
PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1 is a phototropin 1 binding protein required for phototropism [3].

References

PKS1, a substrate phosphorylated by phytochrome that modulates light signaling in Arabidopsis. Fankhauser, C., Yeh, K.C., Lagarias, J.C., Zhang, H., Elich, T.D., Chory, J. Science (1999) [Pubmed]
A growth regulatory loop that provides homeostasis to phytochrome a signaling. Lariguet, P., Boccalandro, H.E., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Chory, J., Casal, J.J., Fankhauser, C. Plant Cell (2003) [Pubmed]
PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1 is a phototropin 1 binding protein required for phototropism. Lariguet, P., Schepens, I., Hodgson, D., Pedmale, U.V., Trevisan, M., Kami, C., de Carbonnel, M., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Liscum, E., Fankhauser, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
PKS1 and PKS2 affect the phyA state in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. Sineshchekov, V., Fankhauser, C. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. (2004) [Pubmed]

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