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Gene Review:

NIT2 - nitrilase 2

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: AtNIT2, NITRILASE 2, NITRILE AMINOHYDROLASE

Vorwerk, S. et al., Grsic-Rausch, S. et al., Dohmoto, M. et al., Pollmann, S. et al., Bartling, D. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of NIT2

As a comparison, transgenic plants overexpressing NIT2 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were studied [1].

High impact information on NIT2

In each case, indole-3-acetonitrile is the immediate precursor, which is converted into indole-3-acetic acid through the action of nitrilase (nitrile aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.5.1) [2].
Two peaks of beta-glucuronidase activity were visible: an earlier peak (21 d post inoculation) consisting only of the expression of NIT1, and a second peak at about 32 d post inoculation, which predominantly consisted of NIT2 expression [1].
NIT2 was earlier shown to be highly expressed in developing and in mature A. thaliana embryos, and NIT3 is the dominantly active gene in the hypocotyl and the cotyledons of young, germinating seedlings [3].
It is possible that NIT2 is involved in supplying IAA during seed development rather than during stratification [4].
While all nitrilases exhibit a similar pH optimum around neutral, and NIT1 and NIT3 exhibit a similar temperature optimum around 30 degrees C independent of the substrate analyzed (IAN, PPN), NIT2 showed a remarkably different temperature optimum for IAN (15 degrees C) and PPN (35-40 degrees C) [4].

Biological context of NIT2

Introduction of Arabidopsis NIT2 into tobacco conferred IAN-mediated growth inhibition, probably due to hydrolysis of IAN to IAA, while ectopic expression of TNIT4A had little effect on the sensitivity of transgenic plants to IAN [5].
The promoter region of nit1 is located within the approx. 1.5-kb intergenic part that separates the nit2 and nit1 coding sections [6].

Other interactions of NIT2

Three (NIT1, NIT2 and NIT3) of the four genes have high similarity [5].

References

Expression and localization of nitrilase during symptom development of the clubroot disease in Arabidopsis. Grsic-Rausch, S., Kobelt, P., Siemens, J.M., Bischoff, M., Ludwig-Müller, J. Plant Physiol. (2000) [Pubmed]
Molecular characterization of two cloned nitrilases from Arabidopsis thaliana: key enzymes in biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. Bartling, D., Seedorf, M., Schmidt, R.C., Weiler, E.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1994) [Pubmed]
Occurrence and formation of indole-3-acetamide in Arabidopsis thaliana. Pollmann, S., Müller, A., Piotrowski, M., Weiler, E.W. Planta (2002) [Pubmed]
Enzymatic characterization of the recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana nitrilase subfamily encoded by the NIT2/NIT1/NIT3-gene cluster. Vorwerk, S., Biernacki, S., Hillebrand, H., Janzik, I., Müller, A., Weiler, E.W., Piotrowski, M. Planta (2001) [Pubmed]
Genes encoding nitrilase-like proteins from tobacco. Dohmoto, M., Tsunoda, H., Isaji, G., Chiba, R., Yamaguchi, K. DNA Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
Structure of the gene encoding nitrilase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Hillebrand, H., Tiemann, B., Hell, R., Bartling, D., Weiler, E.W. Gene (1996) [Pubmed]

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