- Humoral beta-cell autoimmunity is rare in patients with the congenital rubella syndrome. Viskari, H., Paronen, J., Keskinen, P., Simell, S., Zawilinska, B., Zgorniak-Nowosielska, I., Korhonen, S., Ilonen, J., Simell, O., Haapala, A.M., Knip, M., Hyöty, H. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (2003)