Clock gene expression in the submandibular glands.
Clock genes, which mediate molecular circadian rhythms, are expressed in a circadian fashion in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in various peripheral tissues. To establish a molecular basis for circadian regulation in the salivary glands, we examined expression profiles of clock-related genes and salivary gland-characteristic genes. Clock-related genes-including Per1, Per2, Cry1, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, Dbp, and Reverbalpha-showed robust circadian expression rhythms in the submandibular glands in 12:12-hour light-dark conditions. In addition, a robust circadian rhythm was observed in amylase 1 mRNA levels, whereas the expression of other salivary-gland-characteristic genes examined was not rhythmic. The Clock mutation resulted in increased or decreased mRNA levels of Per2, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, and Dbp, and in Cry1-/- background, Cry2 disruption also increased or decreased mRNA levels of these clock-related genes and the amylase 1 gene. These findings indicate that the Clock- and Cry-dependent molecular clock system is active in the salivary glands.[1]References
- Clock gene expression in the submandibular glands. Furukawa, M., Kawamoto, T., Noshiro, M., Honda, K.K., Sakai, M., Fujimoto, K., Honma, S., Honma, K., Hamada, T., Kato, Y. J. Dent. Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
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