Disease relevance of Submandibular Gland

• We found that a wide range of naturally occurring glycoproteins, including ovalbumins and ovomucoids from chicken and turkey eggs, and mucin derived from bovine submaxillary glands, inhibit the replication of rotaviruses in MA-104 cells [1].
• These results indicate that EGF deficiency occurs in diabetes mellitus and that insulin may be important in maintaining the normal level of EGF in the submandibular gland and plasma [2].
• Considerable thymidine kinase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activities were found in the plasma of rats bearing a transplanted lymphoma; neither activity was detected in plasma of hosts carrying hepatic, renal, mammary, or submaxillary gland tumors [3].
• We have immunized 20 colorectal cancer patients at high risk for recurrence with a vaccine consisting of partially desialylated ovine submaxillary gland mucin (modified OSM) which contains both Tn and sTn determinants [4].
• The effect of extirpation of the submandibular glands, an exocrine organ for epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF/URO), and the effect of oral administration of synthetic human (EGF/URO) on healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats has been investigated [5].

High impact information on Submandibular Gland

• Thus the liver and submaxillary gland synthesize alpha 2u globulin from different sets of genes that are subject to very different developmental and hormonal control [6].
• The renin regulatory locus (Rnr) is a genetic element governing mouse submaxillary gland (SMG) renin levels [7].
• Immunocytochemical studies have revealed the presence of EGF in mouse and human submaxillary glands, rat brain and human intestine [8].
• Tonin, an esteroprotease isolated from rat submaxillary gland, is a serine protease with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activity [9].
• While NGF is found in almost all vertebrates, most research has focused on murine NGF, as the mouse male submaxillary gland contains higher levels of this polypeptide than other tissues [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Submandibular Gland

• In summary, our results demonstrate that androgen administration may inhibit the progression of autoimmune disease in lacrimal and submandibular glands of NZB/NZW F1 mice [11].
• Thyroxine reverses deficits of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in submandibular glands of mice with muscular dystrophy [12].
• Our results indicate that the PD41-reactive epitope is a non-acidic O-linked carbohydrate or glycopeptide epitope with restricted expression in prostate carcinomas and bovine submaxillary glands [13].
• Furthermore, when chronically administered (for 3 days), cyclocytidine caused enlargement of parotid and submaxillary glands and heart that resembled the hypertrophy caused by chronic isoproterenol administration [14].
• This same regimen of beta-receptor agonists was unable to induce submandibular gland hypertrophy, PRP or glycoprotein biosynthesis in the same animals [15].

Biological context of Submandibular Gland

• A lambda gt11 cDNA library prepared from bovine submaxillary gland mRNA was screened with polyclonal anti-apo-bovine submaxillary mucin antibodies with the aim of obtaining the deduced amino acid sequence of the mucin core protein [16].
• Proteins potentiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce a transformed phenotype in non-neoplastic rat kidney fibroblasts in cell culture have been isolated from many non-neoplastic tissues of the adult mouse, including submaxillary gland, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, and brain [17].
• The interaction of homogeneous preparations of mouse submandibular gland nerve growth factor (NGF) with the classical complement pathway was studied [18].
• Location on chromosome 1 of Rnr, a gene that regulates renin in the submaxillary gland of the mouse [19].
• Released kallikrein may be responsible for the reactive vasodilation observed in the rat submandibular gland after sympathetic stimulation [20].

Anatomical context of Submandibular Gland

• The organs examined included muscle, bone, heart, testis, uterus, spleen, thymus, submaxillary gland, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidney, brain, and lung [21].
• Apical vesicles bearing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in the Ca2+ initiation site of ductal epithelium of submandibular gland [22].
• Fusion of the envelope of mucous droplets with the luminal plasma membrane in acinar cells of the cat submandibular gland [23].
• The Ren-2 gene encoding the mouse submaxillary gland (SMG) renin was microinjected into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs from mice carrying only the Ren-1 gene [24].
• The biosynthesis of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a 6045 dalton mitogen produced in the mouse submaxillary gland under androgen regulation, was studied using Xenopus oocytes [25].

Associations of Submandibular Gland with chemical compounds

• Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone [26].
• The contents of EGF in the submandibular glands was unchanged during cysteamine treatment [27].
• Inbred strains of mice have been divided into two distinct phenotypic groups having different levels of renin activity regulated by androgen in the submaxillary gland (SMG) [28].
• Unlike isoproterenol treatment, no changes were observed in the submandibular glands, and a Mr 220,000 glycoprotein in parotid glands was not induced [29].
• Insulin administration to streptozotocin-treated mice almost completely reversed the decrease in EGF content in the submandibular gland, substantially elevated the level of the glandular prepro-EGF mRNA and plasma EGF concentration, and increased the size of the granular convoluted tubules in the gland [2].

Gene context of Submandibular Gland

• Gene expression profiles of mouse submandibular gland development: FGFR1 regulates branching morphogenesis in vitro through BMP- and FGF-dependent mechanisms [30].
• Here, we report that ex vivo branching of intact submandibular glands decreases when either FGFR2 expression is downregulated or soluble recombinant FGFR2b competes out the endogenous growth factors [31].
• Tissue kallikrein and tonin levels in submandibular glands of STZ-induced diabetic rats and the effects of insulin [32].
• The intercalated, intralobular and interlobular ducts and acinar lumina of the exocrine pancreas, the parotid and submaxillary glands of the Cftr(-/-) animals were dilated and filled with inspissated material, as well as mild inflammation and acinar cell drop out [33].
• The cultured submandibular gland cells expressed 49- and 54-kd GFAP polypeptides [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Submandibular Gland

• The polymerase chain reaction and conventional library screening were used to isolate a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the rat substance P receptor from brain and submandibular gland [35].
• Analyses of supernatant solutions from mouse C1300 neuroblastoma cultures by two independent immunoassays reveal that these cells secrete a factor which is immunochemically similar to mouse submaxillary gland nerve growth factor [36].
• In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical localization demonstrated the presence of CSP1 transcripts and proteins in sublingual gland serous demilune cells, parotid and submandibular gland intercalated duct cells, and in the type III (proacinar) cells of the neonatal submandibular gland [37].
• Western blot analysis using an antiserum against this enzyme gave rise to multiple bands in mouse submandibular glands, suggesting that PRECE is a member of a protease family [38].
• Two different sialyltransferases (EC 2.4.99.1) have been resolved from Triton X-100 extracts of porcine submaxillary glands by affinity chromatography on CDP-hexanolamine agarose [39].

References