- Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling mediates vascular smooth muscle cell expression of periostin in vivo and in vitro. Li, G., Oparil, S., Sanders, J.M., Zhang, L., Dai, M., Chen, L.B., Conway, S.J., McNamara, C.A., Sarembock, I.J. Atherosclerosis (2006)