The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 
 
 

Contrast medium causes the apparent increase in beta-endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid following brain stimulation.

Levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid were measured in 12 chronic pain patients undergoing the surgical implantation of an electrode into the periventricular gray matter. Cerebrospinal fluid fractions were collected following placement of a cannula into the third ventricle, following injection of metrizamide contrast medium into the ventricles, following implantation of the electrode, and following electrical stimulation. A second set of samples was collected on a non-surgical day before and after stimulation. Levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity increased significantly from baseline levels to post-electrode implantation in one group of patients, but no significant change was seen following the onset of stimulation. Immunoreactivity increased significantly following metrizamide injection in a second group and was still elevated, in comparison to baseline, following electrode placement, but no increase was seen following the onset of stimulation. Levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin did not increase in either group after stimulation on a post-surgical day, despite consistent reports of pain relief. Addition of metrizamide or a related contrast medium, iothalamate meglumine (Conray) to the beta-endorphin radioimmunoassay revealed that both compounds interfered with antigen-antibody binding and also quenched the gamma radiation emitted by iodinated peptide ligands. Due to these combined effects, the contrast media alone produced results similar to those of the beta-endorphin standard. Moreover, similar observations were made when contrast media were incorporated into radioimmunoassays for met-enkephalin, dynorphin and cholecystokinin octapeptide. These findings indicate that increased levels of beta-endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid are not directly associated with patient report of pain relief following periventricular gray stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[1]

References

  1. Contrast medium causes the apparent increase in beta-endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid following brain stimulation. Dionne, R.A., Mueller, G.P., Young, R.F., Greenberg, R.P., Hargreaves, K.M., Gracely, R., Dubner, R. Pain (1984) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities