Disease relevance of meglumine

• We performed a randomized, controlled study of the efficacy of allopurinol plus meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime), as compared with meglumine antimoniate alone, in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, who were recruited from a village in southeastern Colombia [1].
• The two commonly used vasodilators (dipyridamole and meglumine diatrizoate) do not satisfy these criteria; meglumine diatrizoate does not produce maximal hyperemia and dipyridamole has a long duration of effect (greater than 30 min) [2].
• Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial comparing meglumine antimoniate with amphotericin B. Spanish HIV-Leishmania Study Group [3].
• The patients treated with meglumine antimoniate had higher incidences of cardiotoxicity (14 versus 0%, P = 0.02) and chemical pancreatitis (30 versus 0%, P < 0.01) [3].
• Shock and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following meglumine diatrizoate for intravenous pyelography [4].

Psychiatry related information on meglumine

• Three elderly men being evaluated for cerebrovascular disease developed acute confusional states following arteriography with approximately 50 ml of meglumine iothalamate [5].
• A 64-year-old man developed lethargy and aphasia immediately following cerebral arteriography with iothalamate meglumine [6].
• These results suggest that repeated RGTS and N-methyl-D-glucamine ameliorate the impairing effect of EtOH on acquisition, and the effect of RGTS on EtOH-induced amnesia is dependent on the catecholaminergic but not serotonergic neuronal activity, while RGTS and N-methyl-D-glucamine seem to have a different mechanism on EtOH-induced amnesia [7].
• Zomepirac (80-240 mg/kg p.o.) did not show this plateau effect, but was unable to increase response latencies to greater than 30 sec because of the toxicity of higher doses (320 mg/kg p.o.). Flunixin NMG (the meglumine salt of flunixin), a nonnarcotic analgesic, did not display a plateau effect and increased response latencies to maximum values [8].

High impact information on meglumine

• In non-CF tissue but not in CF tissue the effects of amiloride and N-methyl-D-glucamine on Vm were attenuated in the presence of forskolin [9].
• Three vaccinations over 32 weeks gave a similar cure rate (94%) to three 20-day courses of meglumine antimonate [10].
• In 10 patients with normal coronary vessels, the maximal vasodilator response to papaverine was compared with that to intravenous dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg infused over 4 min) and intracoronary meglumine diatrizoate [2].
• Upon continuous stimulation, the pore of the monovalent cation-selective P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expands to accommodate large molecules such as N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG+) [11].
• Application of 20-HETE rapidly induced an inward, non-selective current in whole-cell recordings, which was inhibited by N-methyl-d-glucamine, 1.8 mm Ca2+, and 100 microM Gd3+ but remained unaffected by flufenamate and indomethacin [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of meglumine

• Meglumine antimonate (Glucantime), a drug of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis, is produced by the reaction of pentavalent antimony with N-methyl-D-glucamine, a carbohydrate derivative [13].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: First-pass gradient-echo MR imaging and spin-echo MR imaging were performed with P760 and then with gadoterate meglumine in eight pigs with occlusive acute myocardial infarction [14].
• The authors sought to evaluate renal tolerance for ioxaglate sodium meglumine used as a contrast agent in patients with chronic renal failure [15].
• Most compounds tested had a lower ED50 value than the standard antileishmanial drugs, sodium stibogluconate (5.5 mg Sbv/L) and meglumine antimoniate (3.0 mg Sbv/L) indicating the clean potential of these antifungal compounds in treating leishmaniasis [16].
• Efficacy of aminosidine administered alone or in combination with meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum [17].

Biological context of meglumine

• The replacement of external N-methyl-D-glucamine with K+, but not other monovalent ions (choline, Li+), decreased the potency of Mg2+ as an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ antiport 6.7-fold [18].
• Replacement of sodium with potassium or N-methyl-D-glucamine in NG108-15 membrane or intact cell suspensions also resulted in an increase in [3H]etorphine binding, but in these cells the effect was associated with an increase in the number of binding sites measurable under these experimental conditions [19].
• The membrane-impermeable metal chelator, N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGD; 200 microM), in the presence of DNIC significantly increased apoptosis, but had no effect on its own [20].
• Pharmacokinetics of antimony in children treated for leishmaniasis with meglumine antimoniate [21].
• These channels had a mean conductance of 20 pS, were impermeable to NMDG, and their mean open probability increased at positive membrane potentials [22].

Anatomical context of meglumine

• Diatrizoate sodium meglumine was the most toxic agent, followed by diatrizoate and meglumine, iothalamate meglumine, and mannitol in terms of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and coupled perfusion decline [23].
• Scarred myocardium was recognized as a bright region on gadoterate meglumine-enhanced images [24].
• 2. Microelectrode experiments revealed that ET caused an immediate depolarization of the cell membrane potential (Vm) by 25 mV, which was unaffected by Na+ replacement with N-methyl-D-glucamine+ (NMDG+) or by omission of bath Ca2+ [25].
• Ablation of the kidney was attempted in 12 dogs by injecting 10-30 ml of heated (100 degrees C) contrast medium (Hypaque-60, diatrizoate meglumine) into the renal artery [26].
• These gating effects were observed for both cardiac and skeletal muscle channels and were not evoked by addition of equimolar N-Methyl-D-Glucamine, suggesting a specific interaction of the blockers with the channel rather than a surface charge effect [27].

Associations of meglumine with other chemical compounds

• At 20 degrees C, BzATP did not significantly increase membrane permeability to NMG+ (M(r) 195), ethidium+ (M(r) 314), or fura-2 (M(r) 831) but did stimulate an ion conducting pathway which could be competitively permeated by Na+ or Ca2+ [28].
• The second method uses electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and the nitric oxide trap [Fe2+-(MGD)2], (MGD = N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate) [29].
• The electrode potentials of iron complexes of N-(dithiocarboxy)sarcosine (dtcs) and N-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate (mgd) are 56 and -25 mV at pH 7.4, respectively, as measured by cyclic voltammetry [30].
• Large organic cations such as Tris and glucosamine were measurably permeant with permeability ratios of 0.20 and 0.08, and N-methyl-D-glucamine was almost impermeant [31].
• Knee arthrography: a comparison of iohexol, ioxaglate sodium meglumine, and metrizoate [32].

Gene context of meglumine

• The large cation N-methyl-D-glucamine, which does not permeate NMDA receptor channels, enhanced 3-OH-GA-induced Ca(2+) increase and cell damage [33].
• We measured the contributions of Ca(2+) clearance components by inhibiting SERCA2 (with 10 microM cyclopiazonic acid) and/or NCX (by replacing NaCl with N-methyl-D-glucamine/HCl plus 10 microM KB-R7943) [34].
• The CCK-8-induced cation currents were antagonized by PD135,158 (4-¿[2-[[3-(1H-indol-3yl)-2-mehtyl-1-oxo-2-[[[1.7.7.-trimeth yl-bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl)oxy]carbonyl]amino]propyl]amino]-1-phenylethyl]amino-4- oxo- [1S-1 alpha, 2 beta [S*(S*)]4 alpha]¿-butanoate N-methyl-D-glucamine), a highly specific and potent CCKB receptor antagonist [35].
• The permeability to NMDG developed as quickly as the channel opened, in contrast to the P2X7 receptor where the NMDG permeability develops over several seconds [36].
• The following treatments were tested alone or in combination: sulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8s, 0.5-1 microg), PD 135158 (N-methyl-D-glucamine, 0.1 microg), a CCK-2 receptor antagonist, lorglumide (0.1-0.3 microg), a CCK-1 receptor antagonist [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of meglumine

• Perfusion and bathing solutions were iso-osmotic Cl-free Ringer's solutions modified using N-methyl-D-glucamine and cyclamate as the Na and Cl substitutes, respectively [38].
• The assay involves degrading RSNOs using N-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGD) at high pH and spin trapping the NO. released using (MGD)2-Fe2+ [39].
• Retention of antimony in skin biopsies of leishmaniasis patients after treatment with N-methylglucamine antimoniate [40].
• The changes in ionized calcium level in the coronary sinus during coronary angiography were compared for four contrast media (meglumine sodium diatrizoate, iohexol, iopamidol, and meglumine sodium ioxaglate) in 44 subjects [41].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight living potential liver donors underwent iodipamide meglumine-enhanced CT cholangiography [42].

References