Disease relevance of Phenalone

• The photosensitization using PN follows a pure Type-II (O2(1Deltag) mediated) mechanism [1].
• A phenalenone compound, atrovenetinone methyl acetal, was isolated from a culture broth of Penicillium sp. FKI-1463 as an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, and it showed anti-HIV activity in vitro [2].
• Phenalenone was mutagenic in Salmonella in the presence of rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) at a minimum detectable mutagen concentration (MDMC) of 12 micrograms/ml, but was not mutagenic in the absence of PMS at concentrations up to 100 micrograms/ ml [3].

High impact information on Phenalone

• The occurrence of phenalenone chromophores in phytoalexins of plants originally nonphototoxic suggests that these plants respond to pathogen attacks by biosynthesizing singlet oxygen photosensitizers able to use solar energy for defense [4].
• This study tested the effects of two phenalenone-skeleton-based compounds, which were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp., sculezonone-B (SCUL-B) and sculezonone-A (SCUL-A), upon DNA polymerase activity [5].
• The quenching of singlet molecular oxygen [O(2) ((1)Delta(g))] was evaluated by NIR-emission assays using singlet oxygen generated by sensitization of either perinaphthenone or methylene blue [6].
• However, after correction for self-quenching, the quantum yield of 1O2 production (phi 50)y measured by using perinaphthenone as a standard, yielded the following values: phi s0 is about 0.07 in 0.2 N DCI solution, 0.08 at pH 7.5 and then increases smoothly to approximately 0.2 in 0.1 M NaOD solution [7].
• Of the oxy-PAH tested only phenalenone, 7H-benz[d,e]anthracen-7-one, 3-nitro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one, cyclopenta[c,d]pyren-3(4H)-one, 6H-benzo[c,d]pyren-6-one (BPK) and anthanthrenequinone were mutagenic; however, with the exception of BPK, these were over 50 times less active than B[a]P, BPK was approximately 3 times less active than B[a]P [8].

Biological context of Phenalone

• DNA oxidation was investigated in presence of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) generated by laser excitation of perinaphthenone and subsequent energy transfer [9].

Anatomical context of Phenalone

• Phenalenone was not significantly mutagenic in either human cell line after 28 hr treatment, although mutant fractions were increased by nearly fivefold in h1A1v2 cells (at the tk locus) exposed at 30 micrograms/ml [3].

Gene context of Phenalone

• However, after 72 hr treatment, phenalenone was mutagenic at the hprt locus in h1A1v2 cells with an MDMC of 3 micrograms/ml [3].

References