Disease relevance of C02024

• Well-defined polysaccharides, such as beta1-4-linked D-mannuronic acid (poly[M]) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, induce monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) through a pathway involving membrane CD14 [1].
• Epimerization of D-mannuronate to L-guluronate residues in the polymer was detected enzymatically, using a L-guluronate-specific alginate lyase of Klebsiella aerogenes [2].

High impact information on C02024

• The 13C-n.m.r. data also provided independent evidence for acetylation on D-mannuronate residues and for the ratio of D-mannuronate to L-guluronate residues in newly synthesized alginate, which had previously been determined only for material secreted from bacteria into the extracellular medium [3].
• The structure of alginate, a linear polymer of beta1-4-linked O-acetylated d-mannuronate (M) and l-guluronate (G), is important for its activity as a virulence factor [4].
• D-Glucuronic and D-mannuronic acid-type 1-N-iminosugars, (3S,4R,5R, 6R)- and (3S,4R,5R,6S)-4, 5-dihydroxy-6-trifluoroacetamido-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid, were proven to be potent inhibitors for beta-D-glucuronidase (IC(50) 6.5 x 10(-)(8)M) and to affect human heparanase (endo-beta-glucuronidase) [5].
• Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that polymers produced by strains deficient in algIJF still contained a mixture of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate, indicating that C-5 epimerization was not affected [6].
• In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the product of algG is a C5-epimerase that directly converts D-mannuronate to L-guluronate [2].

Biological context of C02024

• A considerable decrease in intensity of the D-mannuronic acid residue signal was detected after hydrolysis of alginate lyase VI on poly-(ManUA-GulUA), but not poly(GulUA) [7].

Anatomical context of C02024

• In this study, we show that several well-defined polysaccharides, including polymers with different sizes of beta 1-4-linked D-mannuronic acid (poly-M, high-M alginate, and M-blocks) and cellulose oxidized in the C-6 position, induced human monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) [8].

References