Disease relevance of Klebsiella

• Generating strains of mice deficient in NE (NE-/-) by targeted mutagenesis, we show that NE-/- mice are more susceptible than their normal littermates to sepsis and death following intraperitoneal infection with Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) but not Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria [1].
• Extremely susceptible organisms, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, most often respond to cephalosporin monotherapy, whereas relatively resistant organisms such as Acinetobacter and some Enterobacter may not [2].
• Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis. Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment [3].
• A false-positive latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen occurred in a patient with a cervical prevertebral abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae [4].
• Increased use of imipenem against cephalosporin-resistant klebsiella may lead to imipenem resistance among other species, particularly acinetobacter [5].

High impact information on Klebsiella

• In the facultative anaerobe, Klebsiella pneumoniae, O2 was shown to repress nitrogenase synthesis in an NH+4-constitutive strain [6].
• Outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae (kpOmpA) specifically bound to professional antigen presenting cells and was endocytosed by immature DCs via a receptor-dependent mechanism. kpOmpA signaled through Toll-like receptor 2, induced DCs to produce interleukin 12 and induced maturation of DCs [7].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of patient infection or colonization by ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella during 1995 (control period) compared with 1996 (intervention period) [8].
• CONCLUSION: Extensive cephalosporin class restriction significantly reduced nosocomial, plasmid-mediated, cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella infection and colonization [8].
• Intrathecal amikacin administration. Use in the treatment of gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Klebsiella

• CONTEXT: Resistance to most or all cephalosporin antibiotics in Klebsiella species has developed in many European and North American hospitals during the past 2 decades [8].
• The reaction with the polynucleotides was specifically inhibited by the Klebsiella polysaccharide K30 [10].
• Two human IgM myeloma proteins, IgMWEA and IgMMAY, were found to react with agar and Klebsiella polysaccharides that contain pyruvylated D-galactose (DGal) [11].
• Human monoclonal macroglobulins with specificity for Klebsiella K polysaccharides that contain 3,4-pyruvylated-D-galactose and 4,6-pyruvylated-D-galactose [11].
• Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and amikacin were recovered from 62 of 395 patients (15.7%) during 1986 [12].

Biological context of Klebsiella

• Pentitol metabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes is encoded by continuous ribitol (rbt) and D-arabitol (dal) operons transcribed in bipolar fashion and sandwiched between long stretches of homologous DNA [13].
• We have determined the nucleotide sequences of two genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae, nifA, the nif-specific activator of transcription and ntrC, the bifunctional regulatory protein involved in 'nitrogen control'. These sequences differ significantly from those previously published [14].
• Seven pilus chaperone sequences from Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were aligned and their consensus sequence was superimposed onto the known three-dimensional structure of PapD, a representative member of the family [15].
• OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and control of widespread ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in a North American hospital and circumstances that led to delayed detection [16].
• Amino acid sequence of the Fv region of a human monoclonal IgM (protein WEA) with antibody activity against 3,4-pyruvylated galactose in Klebsiella polysaccharides K30 and K33 [17].

Anatomical context of Klebsiella

• It has been shown that HLA-B27 lymphocytes from healthy individuals (B27+ ankylosing spondylitis [AS]-), which are not lysed by an antiserum against Klebsiella K43, can be rendered susceptible to lysis after incubation in the culture filtrate of Klebsiella K43 [18].
• The secretion of the Klebsiella oxytoca cell surface lipoprotein pullulanase involves translocation across the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope [19].
• Leukotrienes enhance the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages against Klebsiella pneumoniae through the activation of NADPH oxidase [20].
• We therefore evaluated whether the 2 bacterial protein PAMPs, the outer membrane protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpOmpA) and flagellin, which signal through TLR2 and TLR5, respectively, may directly stimulate human NK cells [21].
• Indeed, acute infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (but not Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Klebsiella pneumoniae) induced the expression of matrilysin in Calu-3 lung epithelial cells [22].

Gene context of Klebsiella

• To test this, we used a model of Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection in mice genetically deficient in IL-17R or in mice overexpressing a soluble IL-17R [23].
• The cloned Azotobacter genes also complemented Klebsiella pneumoniae mutants and hybridized to K. pneumoniae ntrA, ntrC and glnA gene probes [24].
• A groEL mutant of E.coli, transformed with the Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene cluster, failed to accumulate nitrogenase components [Govezensky et al. (1991) J. Bacteriol., 173, 6339-6346] [25].
• In contrast to TLR4-deficient mice, SPRET/Ei mice resist both LPS and sepsis induced with Klebsiella pneumoniae [26].
• Our studies indicate that 1) IL-10 is produced during Klebsiella pneumonia; and 2) inhibition of IL-10 bioactivity in vivo results in enhanced bacterial clearance, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and prolonged survival [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Klebsiella

• 74 overlapping peptides of varying lengths from Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase reductase (residues 181-199) and from the HLA B27.1 molecule (residues 65-85) were synthesized and tested by ELISA against sera from HLA B27+ ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and sera from HLA B27+ and HLA B27- healthy first-degree relatives [28].
• Here we have studied the protein from Azotobacter vinelandii and Klebsiella pneumoniae with Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies, with the following results: when the MoFe protein is oxidized by addition of stoichiometric amounts (6-8 equivalents) of dissolved thionin, the well characterized P-cluster state Pox results [29].
• However, these Klebsiella polysaccharides did not react in immunodiffusion with horse or with rabbit pneumococcal 19F and 19A typing antisera [30].
• Cloning and sequence analysis of gyrA gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae [31].
• Crystallization of a DNA and N-acetylserine binding fragment (residues 1 to 233) of Klebsiella aerogenes CysB protein, a member of the LysR family [32].

References