High impact information on CHRD

• We also show that FGF signalling is required for primitive streak formation, in cooperation with Nodal and Chordin [1].
• Important gene expressions within axial mesoderm (chordin, Shh and BMP7) appear unaffected in all embryos, including those due to be pattern-deleted, during the hours following the operation when anterior brain pattern is believed to be determined [2].
• On the contrary, the expression of HOXA-13 in the autopodal mesenchyme was affected by neither BMP-2 nor NOGGIN/CHORDIN [3].
• We have investigated the role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) and a BMP antagonist, chordin, in primitive streak formation and neural induction in amniote embryos [4].
• Chordin regulates primitive streak development and the stability of induced neural cells, but is not sufficient for neural induction in the chick embryo [4].

Biological context of CHRD

• The mutual down-regulation of noggin/chordin and BMP-4 is proposed to function as an indirect self-enhancement, establishing in this way an essential prerequisite for primary pattern formation [5].

Anatomical context of CHRD

• In contrast, misexpression of chordin in the anterior area pellucida generates an ectopic primitive streak that expresses mesoderm and organizer markers [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CHRD

• As an initial step in addressing this issue, we have investigated by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of BMP-2, -4, -5, -6, and -7, BMP receptor kinases (BRKs) -1, -2, and -3, and BMP binding proteins noggin and chordin, in the chick embryonic eye at embryonic day 3 (E3), and in isolated retinas at E6, E8, and E18 [6].

References