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Gene Review:

Chia1 - chitinase, acidic 1

Mus musculus

Synonyms: 2200003E03Rik, AMCase, Acidic mammalian chitinase, Chia, YNL

Boot, R.G. et al., Chen, X.H. et al., Boot, R.G. et al., Bierbaum, S. et al.

Boot, Bussink, Verhoek, de Boer, Moorman, Aerts,

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Disease relevance of Chia

Recent studies in mouse models of bronchial asthma have shown that acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is involved in the pathophysiology of asthma [1].
Increased expression of both chitinases has been observed in different pathological conditions: chitotriosidase in lysosomal lipid storage disorders like Gaucher disease and AMCase in asthmatic lung disease [2].

High impact information on Chia

Like chitotriosidase, AMCase is synthesized as a 50-kDa protein containing a 39-kDa N-terminal catalytic domain, a hinge region, and a C-terminal chitin-binding domain [3].
Its cDNA contains an open reading frame 1421 bp long and encodes a protein with a characteristic N-terminal 21 amino acid endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide and the putative protein is highly homologous to acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) precursor of mouse and human [4].
In both species AMCase is expressed in alveolar macrophages and in the gastrointestinal tract [2].
Two distinct chitinases have been identified in mammals: a phagocyte-specific enzyme named chitotriosidase and an acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) expressed in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract [2].

References

Polymorphisms and haplotypes of acid mammalian chitinase are associated with bronchial asthma. Bierbaum, S., Nickel, R., Koch, A., Lau, S., Deichmann, K.A., Wahn, U., Superti-Furga, A., Heinzmann, A. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
Marked differences in tissue-specific expression of chitinases in mouse and man. Boot, R.G., Bussink, A.P., Verhoek, M., de Boer, P.A., Moorman, A.F., Aerts, J.M. J. Histochem. Cytochem. (2005) [Pubmed]
Identification of a novel acidic mammalian chitinase distinct from chitotriosidase. Boot, R.G., Blommaart, E.F., Swart, E., Ghauharali-van der Vlugt, K., Bijl, N., Moe, C., Place, A., Aerts, J.M. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
Cloning of a rat lung fibrogenic factor. Chen, X.H., Xie, Z.H., Sun, S.J., Cai, G. Gene (2006) [Pubmed]

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CHIA	Bos taurus
CHIA	Canis lupus familiaris
chia.3	Danio rerio
zgc:65788	Danio rerio
chia.4	Danio rerio
zgc:173927	Danio rerio
CHIA	Gallus gallus
CHIA	Homo sapiens
CHIA	Macaca mulatta
MGG_01247	Magnaporthe oryzae 70-15
NCU03209	Neurospora crassa OR74A
Chia	Rattus norvegicus
chia	Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis

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