Disease relevance of Lung Diseases

• The use of neutralizing anti-IL-1Ra antibodies has demonstrated that endogenous IL-1Ra is an important natural antiinflammatory protein in arthritis, colitis, and granulomatous pulmonary disease [1].
• Inflammatory/immune response mediators and the overproduction of mucus characterize chronic airway diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), or cystic fibrosis (CF) [2].
• The patients with pancreatic insufficiency in all three genotype groups had similar clinical characteristics, reflected by an early age at diagnosis, similar sweat chloride values at diagnosis, similar severity of pulmonary disease, and similar percentiles for weight [3].
• Thus, lung disease in the cftrm1HGU mouse develops in response to bacterial infection, establishing a model to dissect the pathogenesis of CF pulmonary disease and providing a clinically relevant end point to assess the efficacy of pharmacologic or genetic interventions [4].
• Furthermore, this CF mouse model demonstrates an impaired capacity to clear Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia, two opportunistic lung pathogens closely associated with lung disease in CF subjects [4].

Psychiatry related information on Lung Diseases

• We measured ventilation in all sleep stages in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and moderate to severe lung disease, and compared the effects of low-flow oxygen (LFO2) and bilevel ventilatory support (BVS) on ventilation and gas exchange during sleep [5].
• OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine in preterm infants at risk for severe chronic lung disease (1) the quality of general movements (GMs) and (2) the effect of dexamethasone treatment on spontaneous motor activity [6].
• The potential clinical benefit of melatonin as an antioxidant is remarkable, suggesting that it may be of use in the treatment of many pathophysiological disease states including various cancers, hypertension, pulmonary diseases, and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease [7].
• In particular, we expand on the multiple-hit scenario in the etiology of BPD and offer support for the hypothesis that it is not lung disease, but factors associated with lung disease (e.g. postnatal steroid exposure) that increase the risk for developmental disability in childhood [8].
• Although the EORTC/MSG criteria are an important step forward in the standardization of definitions used for IPA in clinical research studies, most patients who die with extensive lung disease only reach a level of possible or probable IPA during life, further highlighting that these guidelines should not be used for clinical decision-making [9].

High impact information on Lung Diseases

• Tuberculosis in mice is also exclusively a lung disease that is progressive and lethal, in spite of the generation of Th1-mediated immunity [10].
• This review focuses on mechanisms whereby the deletion or impairment of CFTR chloride channel function produces lung disease [11].
• RESULTS: The relative risk of death or chronic lung disease in the dexamethasone-treated infants, as compared with those who received placebo, was 0.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.1) [12].
• Because patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may have lung disease that is indistinguishable from primary pulmonary hypertension, we investigated the genetic basis of lung disease in these patients [13].
• Overall, 1 additional infant survived without chronic lung disease for every 14 to 15 infants who received vitamin A supplements [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lung Diseases

• CONCLUSIONS: In preterm infants, early administration of dexamethasone at a moderate dose has no effect on death or chronic lung disease and is associated with gastrointestinal perforation and decreased growth [12].
• In patients with pulmonary disease, the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide has been used to predict abnormal gas exchange in the lung [15].
• In a double-blind trial, 85 patients, 5 to 39 years of age, with mild lung disease (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], > or = 60 percent of the predicted value) were randomly assigned to receive ibuprofen or placebo orally twice daily for four years [16].
• We reviewed the clinical courses of 171 patients with pulmonary disease due to M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampin and isoniazid who were referred to our hospital between 1973 and 1983 [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: In preterm infants at risk for lung disease, antenatal administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoid is no more beneficial than glucocorticoid alone [18].

Biological context of Lung Diseases

• MAIN RESULTS--Emergency procedure, preoperative serum creatinine levels of greater than 168 mumol/L, severe left ventricular dysfunction, preoperative hematocrit of 0.34, increasing age, chronic pulmonary disease, prior vascular surgery, reoperation, and mitral valve insufficiency were found to be predictive of mortality [19].
• In comparison to +/+ mice, lpr homozygotes had a markedly shortened life span, died with infiltrative pulmonary disease, but little or no renal disease, and expressed high levels of infectious ecotropic MuLV in lymphoid tissues [20].
• Herein, we describe the phenotype of an inbred congenic strain of CFTR-knockout mouse that develops spontaneous and progressive lung disease of early onset [21].
• Risks due to smoking or air pollution were not greatly altered by adjustment for consumption of fresh vegetables or sources of beta carotene or retinol, prior chronic lung diseases, or education level [22].
• Critical to an understanding of the pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) and the development of effective gene therapies is a definition of the distribution and regulation of CF gene expression in adult human lung [23].

Anatomical context of Lung Diseases

• However, the role of EDRF-mediated pulmonary-artery relaxation in chronic hypoxic lung disease is unknown [24].
• Allergic asthma is an inflammatory lung disease initiated and directed by T helper cells type 2 (Th2) [25].
• To study the biologic role of EC-SOD in hyperoxic-induced pulmonary disease, we created transgenic (Tg) mice that specifically target overexpression of human EC-SOD (hEC-SOD) to alveolar type II and nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells [26].
• An unexpected finding, however, is the documentation of CFTR mutations in patients with atypical CF disease presentations, including congenital absence of vas deferens and several pulmonary diseases [27].
• Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent agonist for mononuclear leukocytes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and granulomatous lung disease [28].

Gene context of Lung Diseases

• These mechanisms of SLPI upregulation likely play a role in defending the epithelial surface in the local milieu of inflammatory lung diseases [29].
• The goal of this study was to determine whether a disease-linked mutation in SFTPC causes lung disease in transgenic mice [30].
• Increased levels of endothelin-1 and differential endothelin type A and B receptor expression in scleroderma-associated fibrotic lung disease [31].
• In particular, TGF-beta has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases [32].
• The pulmonary pathology in IFN-gamma R-/- mice, however, reveals a toxic potential for IL-12 and suggests that endogenous IFN-gamma plays a protective role in preventing fatal pulmonary disease in these mice [33].
• Our heritability estimates indicate substantial genetic control of variation in CF lung disease severity, independent of CFTR genotype [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lung Diseases

• Furthermore, with the clearcut pattern of Fc epsilon RII expression in extrinsic allergic alveolitis it may be possible to use CD23 antibodies for differential diagnosis of inflammatory lung disease [35].
• Fibronectin could be detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of normals (11/11), as well as those with noninterstitial lung diseases (18/18), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (21/21), sarcoidosis (20/20), and other interstitial lung diseases (22/22) [36].
• Gene therapy for lung disease: hype or hope [37]?
• A panel of 215 sera was assembled from normal individuals and pretreatment patients with lung cancer, benign lung disease, and nonlung cancers, and lung tumor antigen in each was quantitated using the radioimmunoassay [38].
• Intraperitoneal injections of cord factor (trehalose dimycolate, TDM) provides a model for interstitial and hemorrhagic lung disease that is produced by a chemically defined substance [39].

References