Disease relevance of MMP23A

• Expression of MMP-21 was detected by immunohistochemistry in a subset of macrophages of granulomatous skin lesions and in fibroblasts in dermatofibromas [1].
• The matrix metalloproteinase-21 gene 572C/T polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer [2].
• MMP-21 was detected basally in KYSE-30 and OE21 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, while MMP-26 was absent [3].

High impact information on MMP23A

• Matrix metalloproteinase-21 is expressed epithelially during development and in cancer and is up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1 in keratinocytes [4].
• Human matrix metalloproteinase-21 (MMP-21), the newest member of the MMP gene family, has been suggested to play an important role in embryogenesis and tumor progression and to be a target of the Wnt, Pax, and Notch signaling pathways [4].
• Matrix metalloproteinase-21, the human orthologue for XMMP, is expressed during fetal development and in cancer [5].
• Two novel matrix metalloproteinase genes, MMP21 and MMP22, have been identified in the Cdc2L1-2 locus, which spans approximately 120 kb on 1p36 [6].
• Finally, the MMP21/22 genes express multiple mRNAs, some of which are derived by alternative splicing, in a tissue-specific manner [6].

Anatomical context of MMP23A

• MMP-21 is expressed by macrophages and fibroblasts in vivo and in culture [1].
• Furthermore, MMP-21 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in cultures of the same cell lines [1].
• In culture MMP-21 was upregulated by phorbol myristate acetate in THP-1 cells and by retinoic acid (RA) in U937 cells, and downregulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in HEL 299 as assessed by Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1].

References