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Gene Review:

XRS2 - Xrs2p

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

Synonyms: D9481.13, DNA repair protein XRS2, YDR369C

Chamankhah, M. et al., Tsukamoto, Y. et al., Kugou, K. et al., Becker, E. et al., Nakada, D. et al., et al.

Tsukamoto, Mitsuoka, Terasawa, Ogawa, Ogawa,

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High impact information on XRS2

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad50-Mre11-Xrs2 complex plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks [1].
No more function of Xrs2p than translocation of Mre11p from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is necessary for response to DNA damage [2].
These findings demonstrate that Xrs2p acts as a specificity factor that allows the MRX complex to function in meiotic recombination and in telomere elongation [2].
This result provides additional evidence on possible involvement of distinctive mechanisms in DNA repair and telomere maintenance by the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex [3].
MOTIVATION: Human Nbs1 and its homolog Xrs2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are part of the conserved MRN complex (MRX in yeast) which plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability [4].

Biological context of XRS2

Mre11, together with Rad50 and Xrs2/NBS, plays pivotal roles in homologous recombination, repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), activation of damage-induced checkpoint, and telomere maintenance [5].
Finally, Xrs2 is phosphorylated after phleomycin treatment in a TEL1-dependent manner during S phase, whereas no significant Xrs2 phosphorylation is detected after MMS treatment [6].

Physical interactions of XRS2

The Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex is required for both DSB formation and DSB processing [7].

Other interactions of XRS2

In a yeast two-hybrid system, Mre11(ts) fails to form a homodimer or interact with Rad50 and Xrs2 irrespective of experimental temperatures [3].

References

Effect of amino acid substitutions in the rad50 ATP binding domain on DNA double strand break repair in yeast. Chen, L., Trujillo, K.M., Van Komen, S., Roh, D.H., Krejci, L., Lewis, L.K., Resnick, M.A., Sung, P., Tomkinson, A.E. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
Xrs2p regulates Mre11p translocation to the nucleus and plays a role in telomere elongation and meiotic recombination. Tsukamoto, Y., Mitsuoka, C., Terasawa, M., Ogawa, H., Ogawa, T. Mol. Biol. Cell (2005) [Pubmed]
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mre11(ts) allele confers a separation of DNA repair and telomere maintenance functions. Chamankhah, M., Fontanie, T., Xiao, W. Genetics (2000) [Pubmed]
Detection of a tandem BRCT in Nbs1 and Xrs2 with functional implications in the DNA damage response. Becker, E., Meyer, V., Madaoui, H., Guerois, R. Bioinformatics (2006) [Pubmed]
Mre11 mediates gene regulation in yeast spore development. Kugou, K., Sasanuma, H., Matsumoto, K., Shirahige, K., Ohta, K. Genes Genet. Syst. (2007) [Pubmed]
The ATM-related Tel1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls a checkpoint response following phleomycin treatment. Nakada, D., Shimomura, T., Matsumoto, K., Sugimoto, K. Nucleic Acids Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mer2, Mei4 and Rec114 form a complex required for meiotic double-strand break formation. Li, J., Hooker, G.W., Roeder, G.S. Genetics (2006) [Pubmed]

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