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Gene Review

MRF1  -  Mrf1p

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

Synonyms: MRF-1, MtRF-1, Peptide chain release factor 1, mitochondrial, YGL143C
 
 
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Disease relevance of MRF1

  • We also demonstrate that nonsense suppression caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial homolog of the E. coli small ribosomal protein S4 can be reversed by a slight over-expression of the MRF1 gene [1].
 

High impact information on MRF1

  • The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RFs, mitochondrial Mrf1p and cytoplasmic Sup45p (eRF1), have sequence similarities to the bacterial RFs, including the potential site of glutamine methylation in the GGQ motif [2].
  • A tryptic peptide of Mrf1p, GGQHVNTTDSAVR, containing the GGQ motif was found to be approximately 50% methylated at the glutamine residue in the normal strain but completely unmodified in the peptide from mtq1-Delta [2].
  • Mutations in the yeast mrf1 gene encoding mitochondrial release factor inhibit translation on mitochondrial ribosomes [3].
  • The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial release factor was expressed from the cloned MRF1 gene, purified from inclusion bodies, and refolded to give functional activity [4].
  • Transient transfection studies show that MRF1 represses transcription by ERalpha activated by estradiol in a dose-dependent manner, as well as by the selective ER modulators 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and raloxifene [5].
 

Biological context of MRF1

  • The yeast nuclear gene MRF1 encodes a mitochondrial peptide chain release factor and cures several mitochondrial RNA splicing defects [6].
  • The respiratory negative phenotype of mrf1 mutants lacking all known mitochondrial introns and the reduced synthesis of mitochondrial translation products encoded by unsplit genes confirm a primary defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis [6].
  • Five of the remaining ORFs have not been identified previously, while the sixth (YGL142c) has been partially sequenced as it lies 5' upstream of MRF1 [7].
  • Two alleles of MRF1 that contained point mutations in a release factor 1 specific region of the primary structure and that in vivo compensated for mutations in the decoding site rRNA of mitochondrial ribosomes were cloned, and the expressed proteins were purified and refolded [4].
  • A direct antisuppressor effect of overproduced mRF1 is observed, since the MRF1 gene on a multicopy plasmid causes Gly(-) phenotypes of the leaky mit(-) point mutations in mtDNA [8].
 

Anatomical context of MRF1

 

Associations of MRF1 with chemical compounds

  • ERalpha and MRF1 coimmunoprecipitate in an estradiol-independent manner, and recombinant ERalpha binds to both full-length and COOH-terminal MRF1 in the absence of estradiol [5].
 

Other interactions of MRF1

  • RPL9A for protein L9 of the large ribosomal subunit and MRF1 for a mitochondrial translation release factor [7].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MRF1

  • Sequence analysis of the MRF1 gene revealed that it encodes a protein highly similar to prokaryotic peptide chain release factors, especially RF-1 [6].
  • We report the molecular cloning, sequencing and genetic characterization of the first gene encoding an organellar polypeptide chain release factor, the MRF1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [6].

References

  1. Single point mutations in domain II of the yeast mitochondrial release factor mRF-1 affect ribosome binding. Pel, H.J., Rep, M., Dubbink, H.J., Grivell, L.A. Nucleic Acids Res. (1993) [Pubmed]
  2. The yeast translation release factors Mrf1p and Sup45p (eRF1) are methylated, respectively, by the methyltransferases Mtq1p and Mtq2p. Polevoda, B., Span, L., Sherman, F. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. Mutations in the yeast mrf1 gene encoding mitochondrial release factor inhibit translation on mitochondrial ribosomes. Towpik, J., Chaciñska, A., Ciesla, M., Ginalski, K., Boguta, M. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Functional characterization of yeast mitochondrial release factor 1. Askarian-Amiri, M.E., Pel, H.J., Guévremont, D., McCaughan, K.K., Poole, E.S., Sumpter, V.G., Tate, W.P. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  5. Modulator recognition factor 1, an AT-rich interaction domain family member, is a novel corepressor for estrogen receptor alpha. Georgescu, S.P., Li, J.H., Lu, Q., Karas, R.H., Brown, M., Mendelsohn, M.E. Mol. Endocrinol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. The yeast nuclear gene MRF1 encodes a mitochondrial peptide chain release factor and cures several mitochondrial RNA splicing defects. Pel, H.J., Maat, C., Rep, M., Grivell, L.A. Nucleic Acids Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  7. The sequence of a nearly unclonable 22.8 kb segment on the left arm chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals ARO2, RPL9A, TIP1, MRF1 genes and six new open reading frames. Voet, M., Defoor, E., Verhasselt, P., Riles, L., Robben, J., Volckaert, G. Yeast (1997) [Pubmed]
  8. Expression of mitochondrial release factor in relation to respiratory competence in yeast. Towpik, J., Kutner, J., Boguta, M. Curr. Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
 
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