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Gene Review:

ureD - urease accessory protein D

Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EDL933

D'Orazio, S.E. et al., McMillan, D.J. et al., Thomas, V.J. et al., Park, I.S. et al., Island, M.D. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of ureD

Comparison of the urease promoter regions of B. bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussis ATCC15311 and the urease-negative strain B. pertussis Tohama I revealed no differences in the ureD open reading frame between each species [1].
Urease activity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli depends on a specific one-base substitution in ureD [2].

High impact information on ureD

In the presence of the effector molecule urea, UreR promotes transcription of ureD, the initial gene in the urease operon, and increases transcription of the divergently transcribed ureR [3].
In addition, Fur-like recognition sites are present in three independent O157:H7 isolates upstream of ureD and ureA [4].
The same studies revealed the presence of an additional series of urease apoprotein complexes present only in cells containing ureD, ureF, and ureG, along with the urease subunit genes [5].
These data suggest that UreR acts as a positive regulator in the presence of urea, activating transcription of urease structural and accessory genes via sequences upstream of ureD [6].
A urea-inducible promoter region was identified upstream of ureD [7].

Biological context of ureD

Nested deletion experiments allowed us to demonstrate that ureD is necessary for urease activity whereas another open reading frame located downstream is not [8].
Deletion mutagenesis of pSEF70 demonstrated that between 1.3 and 1.6 kb of DNA upstream of ureD (the first of seven urease genes clustered in an operon-like fashion) was required for a urease-positive phenotype [7].
We conclude that urea-dependent expression from the plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster requires ureR and that ureR codes for a positive regulatory element controlling transcription of at least one essential urease gene, ureD [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ureD

Gel shift analysis demonstrated that UreR bound to a 135 bp fragment in the approximate centre of the plasmid-encoded ureR to ureD intergenic region [9].

References

Characterisation of the urease gene cluster in Bordetella bronchiseptica. McMillan, D.J., Mau, M., Walker, M.J. Gene (1998) [Pubmed]
Urease activity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli depends on a specific one-base substitution in ureD. Nakano, M., Iida, T., Honda, T. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2004) [Pubmed]
Identification of UreR binding sites in the Enterobacteriaceae plasmid-encoded and Proteus mirabilis urease gene operons. Thomas, V.J., Collins, C.M. Mol. Microbiol. (1999) [Pubmed]
Urease of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: evidence for regulation by fur and a trans-acting factor. Heimer, S.R., Welch, R.A., Perna, N.T., Pósfai, G., Evans, P.S., Kaper, J.B., Blattner, F.R., Mobley, H.L. Infect. Immun. (2002) [Pubmed]
Evidence for the presence of urease apoprotein complexes containing UreD, UreF, and UreG in cells that are competent for in vivo enzyme activation. Park, I.S., Hausinger, R.P. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
Proteus mirabilis urease: operon fusion and linker insertion analysis of ure gene organization, regulation, and function. Island, M.D., Mobley, H.L. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
The plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster of the family Enterobacteriaceae is positively regulated by UreR, a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators. D'Orazio, S.E., Collins, C.M. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Organization of Ureaplasma urealyticum urease gene cluster and expression in a suppressor strain of Escherichia coli. Neyrolles, O., Ferris, S., Behbahani, N., Montagnier, L., Blanchard, A. J. Bacteriol. (1996) [Pubmed]
Activation of transcription at divergent urea-dependent promoters by the urease gene regulator UreR. D'Orazio, S.E., Thomas, V., Collins, C.M. Mol. Microbiol. (1996) [Pubmed]

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