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MeSH Review

Ecological Systems, Closed

 
 
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High impact information on Ecological Systems, Closed

  • Based on previous work done in long-term life support at Biosphere 2 and other closed ecological systems, this consortium proposes a research and development program called Mars On Earth(TM) which will simulate a life support system designed for a four person crew [1].
  • Initial closed operation of the CELSS Test Facility Engineering Development Unit [2].
  • The second in a series of two articles exploring the sustainable management of a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS), this article examines the feasibility of the approach outlined in Part 1 using a simple, abstract CELSS representation comprising buffers and pumps [3].
  • An important issue in Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) is the recycling of inedible crop residues to recover inorganic plant nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates, potassium and other macro- and micro-nutrients [4].
  • Green microalgae are likely to play an important role in bioregenerative systems for producing food and converting CO2 to O2 in a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) [5].
 

Biological context of Ecological Systems, Closed

  • Results suggest that CO2 partial pressure should have little influence on proximate composition of potato tubers or soybean seed, but that high ash and protein levels might be expected from leaves and stems of crops grown in controlled environments of a CELSS [6].
  • Gas exchange between man and plants in a closed ecological system based on atmosphere regeneration by plant photosynthesis is made consistent by attaining the equilibrium of human CO2 discharge and the productivity of the gas consuming bioregenerator [7].
 

Associations of Ecological Systems, Closed with chemical compounds

  • In order to collect basic data about CO2 and O2 budgets of a plant cultural system in a CELSS, the variation of the CO2 absorption rates of lettuce and turnips were observed during the growing period, under different conditions [8].
  • Results suggest that lettuce should be easily adaptable to a CELSS with moderate lighting and that plant spacing or transplant schemes are needed to maximize canopy light interception and sustained efficient CO2 removal and water production [9].
  • As a result, it became clear that the measurement of ethylene concentration in CELSS is one of the useful non-destructive measurement methods for plant growth diagnosis [10].
  • Based on previous CO2 studies in the literature, the increased conductance and water use at the highest CO2 pressures were surprising and pose interesting challenges for managing plants in a CELSS, where CO2 pressures may exceed optimal levels [11].
  • CELSS functions can be divided into two categories, Environment Control and Material Recycling [12].
 

Gene context of Ecological Systems, Closed

  • Actually, except for the distance of transportation, the implementation of a CELSS on Mars would even be easier than it would be on the Moon [13].
  • Recent studies of a Lunar Base habitat have identified examples of CELSS configurations to be used for the Plant Cultivation Module [14].
  • Constructed in 1986, the Biosphere 2 Test Module has been used since the end of that year for closed ecological systems experiments [15].
  • Development of CELSS technology is inevitable for future long duration stays of human beings in space, for lunar base construction and for manned mars flight programs [12].
  • Analysis of an algae-based CELSS. Part 1: model development [16].

References

  1. Development and research program for a soil-based bioregenerative agriculture system to feed a four person crew at a Mars base. Silverstone, S., Nelson, M., Alling, A., Allen, J. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (2003) [Pubmed]
  2. Initial closed operation of the CELSS Test Facility Engineering Development Unit. Kliss, M., Blackwell, C., Zografos, A., Drews, M., MacElroy, R., McKenna, R., Heyenga, A.G. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. A hierarchical approach to the sustainable management of controlled ecological life support systems: part 2, systems realization and analysis. Pawlowski, C.W., Auslander, D.M. Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. (2000) [Pubmed]
  4. Progress in ultrasonic bioreactors for CELSS applications. Schlager, K.J. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1998) [Pubmed]
  5. Effects of CO2 and O2 concentrations and light intensity on growth of microalgae (Euglena gracilis) in CELSS. Kitaya, Y., Kibe, S., Oguchi, M., Tanaka, H., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y. Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. (1998) [Pubmed]
  6. Proximate nutritional composition of CELSS crops grown at different CO2 partial pressures. Wheeler, R.M., Mackowiak, C.L., Sager, J.C., Knott, W.M., Berry, W.L. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. Consistency of gas exchange of man and plants in a closed ecological system: lines of attack on the problem. Gitelson, J.I., Okladnikov YuN, n.u.l.l. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1996) [Pubmed]
  8. Carbon dioxide and oxygen budgets of a plant cultural system in a CELSS--a case of cultivation of lettuce and turnips. Kitaya, Y., Kiyota, M., Aiga, I., Yabuki, K., Nitta, K., Ikeda, A., Nakayama, S. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1992) [Pubmed]
  9. Growth and gas exchange by lettuce stands in a closed, controlled environment. Wheeler, R.M., Mackowiak, C.L., Sager, J.C., Yorio, N.C., Knott, W.M., Berry, W.L. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. (1994) [Pubmed]
  10. Trace gases generated in closed plant cultivation systems and their effects on plant growth. Tani, A., Kiyota, M., Aiga, I. Biol. Sci. Space (1995) [Pubmed]
  11. Growth of soybean and potato at high CO2 partial pressures. Wheeler, R.M., Mackowiak, C.L., Sager, J.C., Knott, W.M. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1994) [Pubmed]
  12. An overview of Japanese CELSS research activities. Nitta, K. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1987) [Pubmed]
  13. Human life support for advanced space exploration. Schwartzkopf, S.H. Adv. Space Biol. Med. (1997) [Pubmed]
  14. Interface problems between material recycling systems and plants. Nitta, K., Oguchi, M., Otsubo, K. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1992) [Pubmed]
  15. Biosphere 2 Test Module: a ground-based sunlight-driven prototype of a closed ecological life support system. Nelson, M., Leigh, L., Alling, A., MacCallum, T., Allen, J., Alvarez-Romo, N. Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). (1992) [Pubmed]
  16. Analysis of an algae-based CELSS. Part 1: model development. Holtzapple, M.T., Little, F.E., Makela, M.E., Patterson, C.O. Acta astronautica. (1989) [Pubmed]
 
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