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MeSH Review

Palaeognathae

 
 
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High impact information on Palaeognathae

  • Quantitative immunological comparison of transferrin from ratites, tinamous, and other flying birds indicates that all the ratites and tinamous are allied phylogenetically and that they are of monophyletic origin relative to other birds [1].
  • Many species, in particular the ratites, display (TTAGGG)(n) hybridization signals in interstitial and centromeric regions of their macrochromosomes in addition to the typical telomeric signals [2].
  • Functionally, the enzyme has a low Km with ethanol and a branched-chain residue at position 141, like the mammalian enzymes but in contrast to the other characterized ratite enzyme (with Ala-141 and a higher Km) [3].
  • Diversity of vertebrate class I alcohol dehydrogenase. Mammalian and non-mammalian enzyme functions correlated through the structure of a ratite enzyme [4].
  • Osteocalcin (the 6,000 dalton Mr gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing protein of bone) has been detected in acid extracts of bones of the extinct class of New Zealand ratite birds, the moas, using a radioimmunoassay for sheep osteocalcin [5].
 

Associations of Palaeognathae with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Palaeognathae

  • DMRT1 in a ratite bird: evidence for a role in sex determination and discovery of a putative regulatory element [7].
  • Evolution of flightless land birds on southern continents: transferrin comparison shows monophyletic origin of ratites [1].
  • 5. Like ostrich, and unlike chicken and goose, both emu and rhea eggshell matrix contained two different C-type lectin-like proteins as major components, indicating that the occurrence of two proteins of this family may be widespread among ratites [8].
  • To test this, we sequenced the 5' terminus of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene of individuals belonging to a group of extinct ratite birds, the moa of New Zealand. Moa comprised a large number of taxa that radiated in isolation on this oceanic landmass [9].
  • Alignment of the N-terminal sequence of osteocalcin from the extinct moa against the osteocalcins of the extant ostrich, rhea and emu reveals the homology amongst the ratite species is greater than the homology with the chicken osteocalcin [10].

References

  1. Evolution of flightless land birds on southern continents: transferrin comparison shows monophyletic origin of ratites. Prager, E.M., Wilson, A.C., Osuga, D.T., Feeney, R.E. J. Mol. Evol. (1976) [Pubmed]
  2. Distribution of telomeric (TTAGGG)(n) sequences in avian chromosomes. Nanda, I., Schrama, D., Feichtinger, W., Haaf, T., Schartl, M., Schmid, M. Chromosoma (2002) [Pubmed]
  3. Alcohol dehydrogenase of class I: kiwi liver enzyme, parallel evolution in separate vertebrate lines, and correlation with 12S rRNA patterns. Hjelmqvist, L., Metsis, M., Persson, H., Höög, J.O., McLennan, J., Jörnvall, H. FEBS Lett. (1995) [Pubmed]
  4. Diversity of vertebrate class I alcohol dehydrogenase. Mammalian and non-mammalian enzyme functions correlated through the structure of a ratite enzyme. Estonius, M., Hjelmqvist, L., Jörnvall, H. Eur. J. Biochem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  5. Immunochemical detection and characterisation of osteocalcin from moa bone. Huq, N.L., Rambaud, S.M., Teh, L.C., Davies, A.D., McCulloch, B., Trotter, M.M., Chapman, G.E. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1985) [Pubmed]
  6. Use of xylazine, butorphanol, tiletamine-zolazepam, and isoflurane for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in ratites. Lin, H.C., Todhunter, P.G., Powe, T.A., Ruffin, D.C. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. (1997) [Pubmed]
  7. DMRT1 in a ratite bird: evidence for a role in sex determination and discovery of a putative regulatory element. Shetty, S., Kirby, P., Zarkower, D., Graves, J.A. Cytogenet. Genome Res. (2002) [Pubmed]
  8. Identification of the major proteins of the organic matrix of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and rhea (Rhea americana) eggshell calcified layer. Mann, K. Br. Poult. Sci. (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Is a large-scale DNA-based inventory of ancient life possible? Lambert, D.M., Baker, A., Huynen, L., Haddrath, O., Hebert, P.D., Millar, C.D. J. Hered. (2005) [Pubmed]
  10. Partial amino acid sequence of osteocalcin from an extinct species of ratite bird. Huq, N.L., Tseng, A., Chapman, G.E. Biochem. Int. (1990) [Pubmed]
 
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