Intolerance of osteosynthesis material: evidence of dichromate contact allergy with concomitant oligoclonal T-cell infiltrate and TH1-type cytokine expression in the peri-implantar tissue.
BACKGROUND: We report on a 37-year-old man without history of previous allergic disease who developed an aseptic intolerance reaction to a chromium-cobalt alloy, with local discomfort, loosening, and absence of fracture healing. Both in vivo and in vitro allergoimmunologic diagnostic tests were performed. METHODS: Patch testing was done with a European standard series. Specific serum IgE was measured by CAP-FEIA. In addition to immunohistology (APAAP method), peri-implantar tissue was further analyzed by PCR to determine T-cell-receptor-gamma rearrangement and thus the potential clonal (antigen-driven) T-cell repertoire. The actual tissue mRNA expression for IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-gamma was visualized by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Skin testing gave a delayed-type reaction to dichromate. Specific serum IgE to natural rubber latex and grass pollen was found--but without clinical symptoms. Immunohistology revealed a monocytic and dense T-cell infiltrate. The latter, instead of being random, showed an oligoclonal T-cell receptor rearrangement. In addition, there was TH1-type mediator expression (IL-6 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4). CONCLUSIONS: Skin test, examination of peri-implantar tissue, and the prompt healing after replacement of the osteosynthesis material suggest an allergic reaction. PCR analysis of peri-implantar tissue can further help to identify and understand allergy-mediated implant intolerance reactions.[1]References
- Intolerance of osteosynthesis material: evidence of dichromate contact allergy with concomitant oligoclonal T-cell infiltrate and TH1-type cytokine expression in the peri-implantar tissue. Thomas, P., Summer, B., Sander, C.A., Przybilla, B., Thomas, M., Naumann, T. Allergy (2000) [Pubmed]
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