Relation of weight maintenance and dietary restraint to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, glucocorticoid receptor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor polymorphisms.
BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2), glucocorticoid receptor ( GRL), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) genes may play a role in the etiology of obesity. OBJECTIVE: We examined biological, psychological, and genetic determinants associated with weight maintenance (WM) after weight loss. DESIGN: Subjects (n = 120) followed a 6-wk diet and then a 1-y period of WM. Body weight (BW), body composition, leptin concentration, attitude toward eating (measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), physical activity, and the polymorphisms of the PPARgamma2, GRL, and CNTF genes were measured. RESULTS: BW loss was 7.0 +/- 3.1 kg. After 1 y, 21 subjects showed successful WM (<10% regain); 99 were unsuccessful (> or =10% regain). Compared with unsuccessful subjects, successful subjects had a higher increase in dietary restraint over time (4.8 +/- 5.0 and 1.8 +/- 3.9, respectively; P < 0.01) but significantly less sensation of general hunger (-4.0 +/- 4.9 and -1.2 +/- 2.7, respectively; P < 0.05). Successful subjects had a significantly different frequency distribution for the PPARgamma2 (P = 0.05) and GRL (P < 0.05) genes than did unsuccessful subjects. The more successful genotypes showed a higher baseline body mass index and waist circumference (PPARgamma2), a greater decrease in disinhibition of dietary restraint ( GRL), and less sensation of hunger ( GRL). The G/G genotype ( GRL) was an independent predictor of successful WM. CONCLUSION: The different genotypes of the PPARgamma2 and GRL genes contribute to WM, either directly ( GRL) or indirectly (PPARgamma2 and GRL) via baseline body mass index and waist circumference, and to changes in Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores.[1]References
- Relation of weight maintenance and dietary restraint to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, glucocorticoid receptor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor polymorphisms. Vogels, N., Mariman, E.C., Bouwman, F.G., Kester, A.D., Diepvens, K., Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (2005) [Pubmed]
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