Disease relevance of Body Weight

• Our data identify a novel signaling pathway in the mouse for body weight regulation and support a model in which the primary mechanism by which agouti induces obesity is chronic antagonism of the MC4-R [1].
• To evaluate the effect of endotoxin on the fibrinolytic response, we administered Escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng per kilogram of body weight) intravenously to 19 healthy volunteers and measured fibrinolytic proteins, protease inhibitors, neutrophil elastase, and von Willebrand factor in serial blood samples obtained over 24 hours [2].
• METHODS: We compared the hemodynamic, renal, and endocrine effects of captopril alone (25 mg), captopril plus icatibant (100 microg per kilogram of body weight), the angiotensin II subtype 1-receptor antagonist losartan (75 mg), and placebo in 20 subjects with normal blood pressure and 7 subjects with hypertension [3].
• Eighty-one patients with proteinuria (greater than or equal to 3.5 g per day) and biopsy-proved membranous nephropathy were randomly assigned to receive either supportive therapy alone or a six-month course of corticosteroids alternated with chlorambucil (0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) every other month [4].
• During intravenous insulin infusions (40 mU per kilogram of body weight per hour for up to 100 minutes), 9 of 22 patients with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus had neurologic signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia, plasma glucose concentrations that were below 35 mg per deciliter (1.9 mmol per liter) and continued to decline, or both [5].

Psychiatry related information on Body Weight

• Natural menopause did not affect blood pressure, plasma glucose or insulin levels, body weight, the total number of kilojoules consumed in the diet, or the total number of kilojoules expended in physical activity [6].
• After 24 hours of water deprivation, Clcnk1-/- mice were severely dehydrated and lethargic, with a decrease of approximately 27% in body weight [7].
• Normal feeding behavior, body weight and leptin response require the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor [8].
• In the R6/2 and N171-82Q transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD), DCA significantly increased survival, improved motor function, delayed loss of body weight, attenuated the development of striatal neuron atrophy, and prevented diabetes [9].
• Dietary administration of resveratrol (10 ppm) had no effect on body weight gain and tumor volume but produced striking reductions in the incidence (45%; P < 0.05), multiplicity (55%; P < 0.001), and extended latency period of tumor development relative to DMBA-treated animals [10].

High impact information on Body Weight

• The dexamethasone was administered within 24 hours after birth at a dose of 0.15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for three days, followed by a tapering of the dose over a period of seven days [11].
• All patients received 15 mg of albendazole per kilogram of body weight per day for four weeks [12].
• Plin -/- mice consume more food than control mice, but have normal body weight [13].
• METHODS: We treated 428 patients who had active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy with placebo or infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, in intravenous doses of 3 or 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every 4 or 8 weeks in combination with oral methotrexate for 54 weeks [14].
• METHODS: Patients 4 to 17 years old received 0.4 mg of etanercept per kilogram of body weight subcutaneously twice weekly for up to three months in the initial, open-label part of a multicenter trial [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Body Weight

• However, total insulin-induced glucose uptake was markedly impaired (3.80 +/- 0.32 vs. 6.31 +/- 0.42 mg per minute per kilogram of body weight in 11 age- and weight-matched controls, P less than 0.001) [16].
• Therefore, in short-term studies in which liquid diets are used and body weight is kept constant, a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids appears to be at least as effective in lowering plasma cholesterol as a diet low in fat and high in carbohydrate [17].
• The first-pass metabolism was determined on the basis of the difference in areas under the curves of blood alcohol concentrations after intravenous and oral administration of ethanol (0.3 g per kilogram of body weight) [18].
• The mean (+/- SE) aldosterone-excretion rate was lower in the black children than in the white children (0.045 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.078 +/- 0.004 nmol per micromole of creatinine per kilogram of body weight; P less than 0.001) [19].
• Altogether, 98 patients received placebo and 102 received dexamethasone (0.15 mg per kilogram of body weight every six hours for four days) [20].

Biological context of Body Weight

• Propranolol or placebo was given intravenously upon randomization (0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight) and then orally for nine days to keep the heart rate between 45 and 60 beats per minute [21].
• To examine the effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of quinidine for this use, we treated 14 patients who had severe falciparum malaria with intravenous quinidine gluconate; a loading dose of 15 mg of the base per kilogram of body weight was followed by 7.5 mg per kilogram every eight hours [22].
• We compared the energy expenditure of 10 male smokers receiving nicotine (15 micrograms per kilogram of body weight) with that of 10 male smokers receiving placebo on two occasions, each including a period of rest and a period of exercise on a modified bicycle ergometer at workloads designed to simulate and standardize light daily activity [23].
• We studied the role of catecholamines in the regulation of potassium homeostasis in nine healthy subjects given intravenous potassium chloride (0.5 meq per kilogram of body weight) in the presence and absence of propranolol [24].
• The dose of erythropoietin (50 to 150 units per kilogram of body weight) was adjusted according to the hematocrit response [25].

Anatomical context of Body Weight

• Total body weight, total body fat and percentage of body fat showed a significant negative correlation with the 24-hour mean luteinizing hormone concentrations (P less than 0.01) [26].
• Increased activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue in some smokers may represent a compensatory response to their reduced body weight [27].
• The patients were treated with levothyroxine (3.4 +/- 0.3 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day) to maintain normal thyroid function [28].
• Weekly doses of approximately 15 U per kilogram of body weight maintained plasma adenosine deaminase activity at two to three times the level of erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity in normal subjects [29].
• METHODS: Twelve patients with APL who had relapsed after extensive prior therapy were treated with arsenic trioxide at doses ranging from 0.06 to 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day until visible leukemic cells were eliminated from the bone marrow [30].

Gene context of Body Weight

• The ob gene product, leptin, is an important circulating signal for the regulation of body weight [31].
• OB-R is a high affinity receptor for leptin, an important circulating signal for the regulation of body weight [32].
• Our findings suggest that UCP2 has a unique role in energy balance, body weight regulation and thermoregulation and their responses to inflammatory stimuli [33].
• Our results support a role for Nhlh2 in the onset of puberty and the regulation of body weight metabolism [34].
• The circulating peptide leptin, which is the product of the ob gene, provides feedback information on the size of fat stores to central Ob receptors that control food intake and body-weight homeostasis [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Body Weight

• Those in the epoetin group received 250 IU of epoetin beta per kilogram of body weight subcutaneously three times a week from day 3 to day 42 (for a total of 17 doses); those in the control group did not receive this drug [36].
• The patients were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive an intravenous infusion of either saline placebo or high-dose methylprednisolone (15 mg per kilogram of body weight, to a maximum of 1000 mg) on their admission to the hospital and again 24 hours later [37].
• Cyclosporine levels present in specimens of oral mucosa at the end of therapy four hours after the patients swished were similar to the levels previously reported in psoriatic lesions after treatment with systemic cyclosporine (14 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) [38].
• The mean (+/- SD) rates of glucose disposal increased from 4.7 +/- 1.7 to 6.0 +/- 1.7 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute (P = 0.004) and from 9.0 +/- 1.8 to 9.9 +/- 1.3 mg per kilogram per minute (P = 0.02) during insulin infusions of 40 and 300 mU per square meter of body-surface area per minute, respectively, in the troglitazone group [39].
• In this double-blind trial, 72 patients who had marrow engraftment and were excreting virus were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or ganciclovir (5 mg per kilogram of body weight twice a day for one week, followed by 5 mg per kilogram per day) for the first 100 days after transplantation [40].

References