Disease relevance of Body Composition

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of testosterone replacement with and without resistance exercise on muscle strength and body composition in HIV-infected men with low testosterone levels and weight loss [1].
• To investigate the influence of body composition on leucine metabolism, leucine turnover and oxidation were measured in six patients with stable biopsy-proven cirrhosis and in six age- and gender-matched controls using [1-14C]leucine tracer [2].
• METHODS: Growth, body composition, and molecular regulators of GH signaling were determined in interleukin-10 null mice with chronic colitis and wild-type controls, +/- treatment with an anti-TNFalpha antibody [3].
• No change in body composition over the 28-week follow-up period was found in the ATP group, whereas, per 4 weeks, the control group lost 0.6 kg of FM (P =.004), 0.5 kg of FFM (P =.02), 1.8% of arm muscle area (P =.02), and 0.6% of BCM/kg body weight (P =.054) and decreased 568 KJ/d in energy intake (P =.0001) [4].
• Androgen receptor (AR) null male mice (AR(L-/Y)) revealed late-onset obesity, which was confirmed by computed tomography-based body composition analysis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Body Composition

• Cognitive performance, mood, physical activity, sleep, body composition, hydration, and saliva cortisol, testosterone, and melatonin were assessed [6].
• Hormonal and body composition predictors of soluble leptin receptor, leptin, and free leptin index in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and controls and relation to insulin sensitivity [7].
• Potential mechanisms for a detrimental effect of pregnancy on HDL cholesterol include hormonal, body composition, or life-style/behavioral changes [8].
• The groups did not differ in any aspect of body composition, body weight, age of menarche, perceived psychological stress, or urinary cortisol excretion [9].
• In the present study, we investigated alterations of energy expenditure, body composition, blood glucose levels, plasma insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels immediately after 4 days of sleep deprivation or after 4 days of sleep recovery [10].

High impact information on Body Composition

• This pathway has been implicated in the regulation of body temperature, body composition and glucose metabolism [11].
• A close interplay between estrogen and GH leads to attainment of gender-specific body composition during puberty [12].
• While most reports have focused on the effect of hGH on linear growth, changes in weight, bone age, body proportions, and body composition have also been observed [13].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary measures were levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone; secondary measures were body composition and markers of bone turnover [14].
• Male mice with partial peripheral deletion of Lepr, induced in the periweaning phase, did not show alterations in body composition or mass [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Body Composition

• BACKGROUND: Therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PI) has been shown to worsen glucose and lipid metabolism, but whether these changes are caused by direct drug effects, changes in disease status, or body composition is unclear [16].
• Four methods were used to assess the effect of HIV infection on body composition (anthropometry, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance and 24 h urine creatinine) [17].
• Energy expenditure and body composition in children with Crohn's disease: effect of enteral nutrition and treatment with prednisolone [18].
• Conclusions: This is the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to show a positive effect of testosterone on bone density, body composition, and neurobehavioral function in women with severe androgen deficiency due to hypopituitarism [19].
• To assess the effect of steroid therapy on body composition, energy expenditure, and fuel selection in Crohn disease, we compared 12 patients (6 men and 6 women) with biopsy-proven ileal Crohn disease with 11 healthy volunteers (6 men and 5 women) [20].

Biological context of Body Composition

• Growth hormone (GH) plays a key role not only in the promotion of linear growth but also in the regulation of intermediary metabolism, body composition, and energy expenditure [21].
• TNF-alpha and TNF-receptor levels, insulin resistance parameters, lipid and hormonal profiles, body composition and fat distribution were measured in all subjects [22].
• Androgens (testosterone), acting via the androgen receptor (AR) a nuclear transcription factor, regulate male sexual development and body composition [23].
• These data suggest that CNTF(Ax15) may act through a pathway downstream of the putative point responsible for leptin resistance in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J and UCP1-DTA mice to alter food intake, body weight, body composition, and metabolism [24].
• Associations were assessed in multivariate models between maternal third trimester glucose tolerance and indexes of body composition and glycemic control in their children [25].

Anatomical context of Body Composition

• Histamine H(1) receptors (H(1)-Rs) are found in peripheral tissues and in regions of the hypothalamus that are concerned with regulating body composition [26].
• Several age-related changes in body composition may significantly affect the distribution of ciprofloxacin; the decrease in total body water plays a predominant role for this drug [27].
• Other assessments were regimen safety, regional body composition, metabolic parameters, quality of life, and CD4 T-lymphocyte counts to week 48 [28].
• CONCLUSIONS: Conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate reduce insulin sensitivity in menopausal women without affecting body composition or body fat distribution [29].
• OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the predominant source of protein consumed by older men influenced measures of muscle size and strength, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and skeletal muscle creatine concentrations in response to 12 wk of resistive training [30].

Associations of Body Composition with chemical compounds

• Sequence of changes in body composition induced by testosterone and reversal of changes after drug is stopped [31].
• The benefit of this was probably counteracted by an increased metabolic rate, since reversal of plasma levels of T3 and free T4 had no net effect on body composition of freely eating sarcoma-bearing mice, although it had a negative effect on body and muscle composition in food-restricted controls [32].
• To investigate whether these perturbations have metabolic consequences, we compared the effects of 24 wk each of oral (Premarin 1.25 mg) and transdermal (Estraderm 100TTS) estrogen on energy metabolism and body composition in 18 postmenopausal women in an open-label randomized crossover study [33].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum leptin to gender, body composition, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [34].
• In six patients, body composition was studied prior to lithium carbonate therapy, after 17 days of treatment, and 17 days after discontinuing administration of the drug [35].

Gene context of Body Composition

• One function of leptin in control of body composition is thus to target a PKC-regulated component of the PLC-PKC signaling system within islets to prevent hypersecretion of insulin [36].
• RESULTS: Interleukin-10 null mice exhibited significant alterations in growth, body composition, and feed efficiency [3].
• Nevertheless, Ghsr-null mice are not dwarfs; their appetite and body composition are comparable to that of wild-type littermates [37].
• A segregating F(2) pedigree based on two mouse lines (DU6i and DBA/2) with extremely different growth characteristics was generated to search for loci affecting serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) and to estimate their effects on growth and body composition [38].
• Therefore, we investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARGC1A on body composition and glucose tolerance and on insulin sensitivity and secretion [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Body Composition

• A body-composition assessment, oral and intravenous glucose-tolerance tests, and a hyperinsulinemic--euglycemic clamp study were performed in 200 non-diabetic Pima Indians (87 women and 113 men; mean [+/- SD] age, 26 +/- 6 years) [40].
• Repeat measurements of body composition were made on 9 patients given total parenteral nutrition for an average period of 18 days [41].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: We aimed to study body composition (bioelectric impedance), glucose tolerance (OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (minimal model method) in relation to serum IL-18 (ELISA) concentration in 144 otherwise healthy men aged 51.9+/-12.5 years [42].
• Fasting glucose and insulin, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and body composition were measured prior to and after 4 weeks of indinavir therapy [43].
• This study was designed to evaluate the impact of estrogen versus androgen action on orchidectomy (ORX)-induced bone loss and associated changes in body composition [44].

References