Antiproliferative and antitumor activity of the 2-cyanoaziridine compound imexon on tumor cell lines and fresh tumor cells in vitro.
BACKGROUND: Imexon, a 2-cyanoaziridine, is therapeutic and reverses lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in the LP-BM5 murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease (murine AIDS). It can restore chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Imexon reduced the incidence of lymphoma in severe combined immune deficient mice inoculated with human lymphocytes. PURPOSE: To determine its antitumor activity, we screened imexon against fresh human tumor cells and tumor cell lines. To determine the time-concentration relationships of its cytotoxicity, we studied the effects of imexon on macromolecular synthesis and on the cell cycle. METHODS: Imexon was incubated at 1-200 micrograms/mL with various tumor cell lines, mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and fresh tumor cells. Cell survival, macromolecular synthesis, and cell cycle progression were studied. RESULTS: The concentration of imexon that caused 50% inhibition of growth was under 10 micrograms/mL for lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens. It was about 3-10 micrograms/mL for B-cell lymphomas and both multi-drug-resistant and -sensitive myeloma cell lines. Imexon inhibited four of seven fresh lymphoma and 11 of 16 fresh myeloma biopsy specimens to less than 40% of the control. A 1-hour exposure of lymphoma cells to 50-100 microgram/mL followed by removal of drug by washing the cells and continuing culture resulted in greater than 95% inhibition during the next 48-72 hours. Imexon selectively inhibited protein synthesis during the first 24-48 hours of exposure of lymphoma and myeloma cells. Cells exposed to inhibitory concentrations of imexon were blocked in cell cycle progression. CONCLUSION: Imexon may be a potentially useful agent in the treatment of malignant disease, particularly lymphoid malignancies, and should be explored further.[1]References
- Antiproliferative and antitumor activity of the 2-cyanoaziridine compound imexon on tumor cell lines and fresh tumor cells in vitro. Hersh, E.M., Gschwind, C.R., Taylor, C.W., Dorr, R.T., Taetle, R., Salmon, S.E. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1992) [Pubmed]
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