ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate synthesis, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Unlike other members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family, Arf6 is localized to the plasma membrane and endosomes, and regulates membrane traffic from and into the plasma membrane. Arf6 regulates a clathrin-independent endocytic membrane recycling pathway in nonpolarized cells and clathrin-dependent endocytosis in polarized cells. It also regulates recycling endosome traffic back to the plasma membrane as well as dense-core vesicle exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. A key effector for Arf6 is phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate 5-kinase, which catalyzes plasma membrane synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a common required cofactor for several endocytic and exocytic membrane trafficking pathways. Long-term expression of a constitutively active Arf6 mutant in cells can lead to the depletion of PIP2 from the plasma membrane, its accumulation in intracellular vacuoles, and the inhibition of PIP2-dependent membrane trafficking at the plasma membrane.[1]References
- ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate synthesis, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Aikawa, Y., Martin, T.F. Meth. Enzymol. (2005) [Pubmed]
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