The ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway.
Many of the insights that we have gained into the mechanisms involved in cellular DNA damage response pathways have come from studies of human cancer susceptibility syndromes that are altered in DNA damage responses. ATM, the gene mutated in the disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia, is a protein kinase that is a central mediator of responses to DNA double-strand breaks in cells. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanism by which DNA damage activates the ATM kinase and initiates these critical cellular signaling pathways. The SMC1 protein appears to be a particularly important target of the ATM kinase, playing critical roles in controlling DNA replication forks and DNA repair after the damage. A major role for the NBS1 and BRCA1 proteins appears to be in the recruitment of an activated ATM kinase molecule to the sites of DNA breaks so that ATM can phosphorylate SMC1. Generation of mice and cells that are unable to phosphorylate SMC1 demonstrated the importance of SMC1 phosphorylation in the DNA-damage- induced S-phase checkpoint, in determining rates of repair of chromosomal breaks, and in determining cell survival after DNA damage. Focusing on ATM and SMC1, the molecular controls of these pathways is discussed.[1]References
- The ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathway. Kitagawa, R., Kastan, M.B. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Annotations and hyperlinks in this abstract are from individual authors of WikiGenes or automatically generated by the WikiGenes Data Mining Engine. The abstract is from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.About WikiGenesOpen Access LicencePrivacy PolicyTerms of Useapsburg
