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Saito, T. et al.

Transcriptional regulation of endochondral ossification by HIF-2alpha during skeletal growth and osteoarthritis development.

Chondrocyte hypertrophy followed by cartilage matrix degradation and vascular invasion, characterized by expression of type X collagen (COL10A1), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, are central steps of endochondral ossification during normal skeletal growth and osteoarthritis development. A COL10A1 promoter assay identified hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2alpha, encoded by EPAS1) as the most potent transactivator of COL10A1. HIF-2alpha enhanced promoter activities of COL10A1, MMP13 and VEGFA through specific binding to the respective hypoxia-responsive elements. HIF-2alpha, independently of oxygen-dependent hydroxylation, was essential for endochondral ossification of cultured chondrocytes and embryonic skeletal growth in mice. HIF-2alpha expression was higher in osteoarthritic cartilages versus nondiseased cartilages of mice and humans. Epas1-heterozygous deficient mice showed resistance to osteoarthritis development, and a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human EPAS1 gene was associated with knee osteoarthritis in a Japanese population. The EPAS1 promoter assay identified RELA, a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) family member, as a potent inducer of HIF-2alpha expression. Hence, HIF-2alpha is a central transactivator that targets several crucial genes for endochondral ossification and may represent a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.[1]

References

Transcriptional regulation of endochondral ossification by HIF-2alpha during skeletal growth and osteoarthritis development. Saito, T., Fukai, A., Mabuchi, A., Ikeda, T., Yano, F., Ohba, S., Nishida, N., Akune, T., Yoshimura, N., Nakagawa, T., Nakamura, K., Tokunaga, K., Chung, U.I., Kawaguchi, H. Nat. Med. (2010) [Pubmed]

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