Disease relevance of MO

• Although a mixed culture of bacteria obtained from river water degraded chlornitrofen and reduced its concentration from 39 to 6 microg/l in 21 days, the indirect mutagenicity of the solution to Salmonella strains TA98, YG1021, and YG1026 increased gradually [1].
• The combination of butachlor and chlornitrofen can result in consciousness disturbance, leucocytosis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, rhabdomyolysis, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated amylase, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, seizures and death [2].

High impact information on MO

• In particular, the antiandrogenic activities of two diphenyl ether herbicides, chlornitrofen and chlomethoxyfen, were higher than those of vinclozolin and p,p -dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, known AR antagonists [3].
• Chlornitrofen (CNP) was widely used in large quantities as a herbicide in rice paddy fields in Japan during 1965-1994 [4].
• Major mass fluxes of TCDD and OCDD come from the impurities in CNP (Chlornitrofen) and PCP (Pentachlorophenol) directly into the soil [5].
• Cytotoxic and porphyrinogenic effects of diphenyl ethers in cultured rat hepatocytes: chlornitrofen (CNP), CNP-amino, chlomethoxyfen and bifenox [6].
• The induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by chlornitrofen (CNP) and CNP-amino was studied in the liver of male rats and mice [7].

Biological context of MO

• 1,3,5-Trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene in fish, shellfish, and seawater in Tokyo Bay, 1977-1979 [8].

Anatomical context of MO

• We studied the cytotoxic and porphyrinogenic effects of four diphenyl ethers (DPEs), chlornitrofen (CNP), CNP-amino, chlomethoxyfen and bifenox, in rat hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel [6].

References