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Chemical Compound Review:

glucosamine (2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6...

Synonyms: Glucosamina, chitosamine, Glucosaminum, Viartril-S, D-glucosamine, ...

Parker, G.J. et al., Skelley, A.M. et al., Vårum, K.M. et al., Patwari, P. et al., Chellat, F. et al., et al.

Vårum, Holme, Izume, Stokke, Smidsrød,

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High impact information on glucosamine

Insulin treatment with LG reduced the A(0.5) to 96 +/- 10 microm, but cells cultured with HG or GlcN were insulin-resistant (A(0.5) = 287 +/- 27 or 561 +/- 77 microm) [1].
Exposure to either high glucose (HG; 20 mm) or glucosamine (GlcN; 10 mm) increased the A(0.5) to 558 +/- 61 or 612 +/- 34 microm [1].
Glycogen synthase is modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, and the level of glycosylation increased in cells treated with HG or GlcN [1].
In this study we examined the effect of ManN and GlcN on aggrecanase-mediated degradation of aggrecan induced by IL-1alpha and the corresponding tissue mechanical properties in newborn bovine articular cartilage [2].
13C CP MAS NMR study of ureido sugars, derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose and dipeptides [3].

Biological context of glucosamine

In fact, culture with GlcN decreased phosphorylation to 61% of the levels seen in cells cultured in LG [1].
A new method for determining the specificity of hydrolysis of the linear binary heteropolysaccharide chitosan composed of (1-->4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc; A-unit) and 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcN; D-unit) residues is described [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of glucosamine

A novel electrophoretic microchip method for analyzing alpha- and beta-d-glucosamine and their interconversion in solution is presented. d-Glucosamine is labeled with fluorescamine and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis in under 2min revealing its pH-dependent mutarotation between the alpha- and beta-anomers [5].
From HPLC studies, it appeared that in SGF and SIF the major degradation products were glucosamine (GA) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAc-GA) [6].

References

Insulin resistance of glycogen synthase mediated by o-linked N-acetylglucosamine. Parker, G.J., Lund, K.C., Taylor, R.P., McClain, D.A. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) [Pubmed]
Mannosamine inhibits aggrecanase-mediated changes in the physical properties and biochemical composition of articular cartilage. Patwari, P., Kurz, B., Sandy, J.D., Grodzinsky, A.J. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (2000) [Pubmed]
13C CP MAS NMR study of ureido sugars, derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose and dipeptides. Wawer, I., Piekarska-Bartoszewicz, B., Temeriusz, A., Potrzebowski, M., Ciesielski, W. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. (1998) [Pubmed]
Determination of enzymatic hydrolysis specificity of partially N-acetylated chitosans. Vårum, K.M., Holme, H.K., Izume, M., Stokke, B.T., Smidsrød, O. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1996) [Pubmed]
Rapid on-column analysis of glucosamine and its mutarotation by microchip capillary electrophoresis. Skelley, A.M., Mathies, R.A. Journal of chromatography. A. (2006) [Pubmed]
Study of biodegradation behavior of chitosan-xanthan microspheres in simulated physiological media. Chellat, F., Tabrizian, M., Dumitriu, S., Chornet, E., Rivard, C.H., Yahia, L. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. (2000) [Pubmed]

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