Disease relevance of Crotonitrile

• Control (n = 2) and 3 x 150 mg/kg crotonitrile (n = 3) rats were assessed for neurofilament accumulation in vestibular and dorsal root ganglion neurons by light microscopy observation of semi-thin sections from plastic-embedded ganglia [1].

Psychiatry related information on Crotonitrile

• The latter are the exclusive products at longer reaction times, indicating that C-CN cleavage is reversible and the crotononitrile complexes 2 are more thermodynamically stable than eta(3)-allyl species 3 [2].
• Crotonitrile dose-dependently increased locomotor activity and rating scores for vestibular dysfunction [1].

High impact information on Crotonitrile

• A novel nitrilase that preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of aliphatic nitriles to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia was found in the cells of a facultative crotononitrile-utilizing actinomycete isolated from soil [3].
• IDPN and crotononitrile effects have been attributed to vestibular hair cell degeneration, but allylnitrile has been suggested to modify behaviour through neuronal degeneration in the CNS [4].
• To explore the possible involvement of the vestibular system in these behavioral abnormalities, the expression of Fos protein, used as an indicator of neuronal activity, was examined within various brain structures in allylnitrile-, crotononitrile- and vehicle-treated mice [5].
• GFAP assays also indicated that neither vestibulotoxic doses of crotononitrile nor olfatotoxic doses of dichlobenil damage the retina [6].
• Five unsaturated aliphatic nitriles--acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, allylnitrile, crotononitrile and fumaronitrile--were prepared in five different dosing vehicles--saline, corn oil, safflower oil, mineral oil, olive oil and Tween-20 [7].

Anatomical context of Crotonitrile

• Crotonitrile (250 mg/kg, ip), which induces the same behavioral syndrome, was found to induce also degeneration of the vestibular hair cells [8].

References