Disease relevance of Hair Cells, Vestibular

• In the inner ear, the Brn-3c protein is found only in auditory and vestibular hair cells, and the Brn-3a and Brn-3b proteins are found only in subsets of spiral and vestibular ganglion neurons [1].
• Since treatment with streptomycin failed to induce any signs of brain lesions, impaired maze learning is considered to result from destruction of vestibular hair cell receptors with subsequent vestibular impairment and not from hearing loss or cognitive impairment [2].

High impact information on Hair Cells, Vestibular

• Embryonic Math1-null mice failed to generate cochlear and vestibular hair cells [3].
• Although KCNQ4 is strongly expressed in vestibular hair cells, vestibular function appeared normal [4].
• The addition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the GF II infusion mixture resulted in the return of type 1 vestibular hair cells in ototoxin-damaged cristae, and improved vestibular function [5].
• Essential role of POU-domain factor Brn-3c in auditory and vestibular hair cell development [1].
• We localize sans in the apical region of cochlear and vestibular hair cell bodies underneath the cuticular plate [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hair Cells, Vestibular

• Calpain IR was not a prominent feature of IHCs, type I vestibular hair cells, or ganglion cells at any time after carboplatin [7].

Biological context of Hair Cells, Vestibular

• In the later phase following hypergravity, the animals adapted to the hypergravity by reducing the neurotransmission between the vestibular hair cells and the primary vestibular neurons via down-regulation of the postsynaptic GluR2 receptors in the vestibular periphery [8].
• These results suggest that the tumor suppressor protein, p53, plays a critical role in initiating apoptosis in cochlear and vestibular hair cells [9].
• Apoptosis has been suggested to be a predominant cell death process for streptomycin-induced degeneration of vestibular hair cells [10].
• Like MYO7A, PCDH15 is critical for the development of hair bundles in cochlear and vestibular hair cells, controlling hair bundle morphogenesis and polarity [11].

Anatomical context of Hair Cells, Vestibular

• Type B photoreceptors in Hermissenda exhibit increased excitability (e.g., elevated membrane resistance and lowered spike thresholds) consequent to the temporal coincidence of a light-induced intracellular Ca(2+) increase and the release of GABA from presynaptic vestibular hair cells [12].
• Sites involved in regulating access to and sensitivity of sense organs to external stimuli (e.g., cochlear and vestibular hair cells, taste bud orifices, and main olfactory epithelium) are heavily innervated [13].
• To examine the possible role of these events in the survival and death of the sensory receptors of the inner ear, we examined the effects of neomycin treatment on cytoplasmic calcium, activation of c-Jun-N-Terminal kinases (JNKs), cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation in cultured vestibular hair cells [14].
• The afferent calyceal terminals and nerve fibers innervating type I vestibular hair cells were strongly NR1, NR2A, and NR2B immunoreactive [15].
• This report examines the protective and proliferative effects that BDNF exerts on vestibular hair cells in experiments designed to further elucidate the mechanisms of hair cell regeneration [16].

Associations of Hair Cells, Vestibular with chemical compounds

• Gentamicin administration often results in cochlear and/or vestibular hair cell loss and hearing and balance impairment [17].
• In the second experiment, 1-wk-old chicks were treated with streptomycin, which destroys most vestibular hair cells and reduces hVOR gain to zero [18].
• Afferent nerve calyces which surround type I vestibular hair cells (VHCI) have recently been shown to contain synaptic-like vesicles and to be immunoreactive to glutamate antibodies [19].
• The application of ACh can mimic efferent stimulation in producing both an inhibition and a facilitation of afferent discharge which are thought to be mediated by at least two distinct ACh receptors present on vestibular hair cells, i.e., alpha9-containing nicotinic receptors (alpha9nAChR) and muscarinic receptors (mAChR), respectively [20].
• The present findings suggest that glutamate released at the afferent synapse of vestibular hair cells may be taken up by adjacent supporting cells and converted into glutamine [21].

Gene context of Hair Cells, Vestibular

• In particular, BDNF could participate to the set up of the calyx, a specific nerve structure surrounding type I vestibular hair cells [22].
• These findings are strong evidence for functional NMDA receptor mediation or modulation of afferent excitatory neurotransmission from type I but not type II vestibular hair cells to the primary afferent nerve [15].
• Interestingly, the polarity of Fz6 localization with respect to the asymmetric position of the kinocilium is reversed between vestibular hair cells in the cristae of the semicircular canals and auditory hair cells in the organ of Corti [23].
• Analysis of rat vestibular hair cell development and regeneration using calretinin as an early marker [24].
• E-cadherin and the differentiation of mammalian vestibular hair cells [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hair Cells, Vestibular

• Animal experiments have demonstrated severe damage to the vestibular hair cells after streptomycin treatment [26].

References