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Gene Review:

virC1 - putative crown gall tumor protein VirC1

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Yanofsky, M.F. et al., Cooley, M.B. et al., Sawada, H. et al., De Vos, G. et al., Toro, N. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of virC1

This study focused on the virC locus, which affects the host range Agrobacterium species. virC mutants display an attenuated or avirulent phenotype on certain host plants, but remain fully virulent on other plant hosts [1].
Cells of E. coli harbored two compatible plasmids, one containing coding sequences overlapping the virC and virD regions of the nopaline Ti plasmid, and a second plasmid containing a T-DNA region [2].

High impact information on virC1

The coding regions were mapped to a part conserved in nopaline and octopine plasmids; in the latter it appears to correspond to virC/D [3].
Further, we show that in vivo the virC operon enhances cleavage at the T-DNA borders, most likely by interaction between the VirC1 protein and the overdrive sequence [4].
In the virC and virD promoter region, this binding site is within a cluster of vir box consensus sequences in which the VirG protein binds [5].
Only two nucleotides separated the stop codon for virC1 from the start codon for virC2, indicating that these genes may be translationally coupled [1].
The nucleotide sequence revealed that the virC locus of pTiA6NC is an operon consisting of two open reading frames [1].

Biological context of virC1

These two open reading frames, designated virC1 and virC2, encode protein products of 25,713 and 22,710 daltons, respectively, which were visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [1].
This gene encodes a 15.5-kDa protein that specifically represses the virC and virD operons in the virulence region of the Ti plasmid [5].

Associations of virC1 with chemical compounds

As on nopaline pTiC58, fragments bearing the homologies with virC and virG are closer together on both pRi than on octopine pTiAch5 [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of virC1

A universal primer set (VCF/VCR) for PCR analysis based on the sequences of the virC operon located on Ti and Ri plasmids was designed to detect these plasmids from phytopathogenic Agrobacterium strains [7].

References

Molecular characterization of a host-range-determining locus from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Yanofsky, M.F., Nester, E.W. J. Bacteriol. (1986) [Pubmed]
Expression of Agrobacterium nopaline-specific VirD1, VirD2, and VirC1 proteins and their requirement for T-strand production in E. coli. De Vos, G., Zambryski, P. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. (1989) [Pubmed]
A 3.6-kbp segment from the vir region of Ti plasmids contains genes responsible for border-sequence-directed production of T region circles in E. coli. Alt-Moerbe, J., Rak, B., Schröder, J. EMBO J. (1986) [Pubmed]
Role of the overdrive sequence in T-DNA border cleavage in Agrobacterium. Toro, N., Datta, A., Yanofsky, M., Nester, E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1988) [Pubmed]
The virC and virD operons of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid are regulated by the ros chromosomal gene: analysis of the cloned ros gene. Cooley, M.B., D'Souza, M.R., Kado, C.I. J. Bacteriol. (1991) [Pubmed]
Map location on Agrobacterium root-inducing plasmids of homologies with the virulence region of tumor-inducing plasmids. Birot, A.M., Casse-Delbart, F. Plasmid (1988) [Pubmed]
PCR detection of Ti and Ri plasmids from phytopathogenic Agrobacterium strains. Sawada, H., Ieki, H., Matsuda, I. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1995) [Pubmed]

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