Disease relevance of Amy-d

• It appears that E. coli/pAMY17F is producing an amylase like that found in D. pseudoobscura [1].

High impact information on Amy-d

• Very rapid rates of gene conversion were observed between duplicated alpha-amylase-coding sequences in Drosophila melanogaster [2].
• Restriction and genetic maps of the Amy region were aligned and alleles assigned to the proximal and distal genes, Amy-p and Amy-d [3].
• Isolated rice embryos were used to investigate the regulatory effects of endosperm extracts and pure sugars on the expression of alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D and a sucrose synthase gene homologous to the maize isozyme Ss2 [4].
• Thus, both the duplicated gene structure and the glucose repression of Drosophila amylase gene activity are stable over extended periods of evolutionary time [5].
• In addition, it is shown that the glucose repression of amylase gene expression, which has been extensively studied in D. melanogaster, is not confined to this species but occurs in all eight members of the species subgroup [5].

Biological context of Amy-d

• The GC content at synonymous third codon positions (GC3s) of the Amy1-type genes was higher than that of the Amy3-type genes [6].
• A sequence required for high levels of AmyB expression was located within its 5' upstream region between the base pairs at -332 and -219 [7].
• The alpha-Amylase locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura is a multigene family of one, two or three copies on the third chromosome [8].
• The nucleotide sequences of the three Amylase genes from a single chromosome of D. pseudoobscura are presented [8].
• Comparison of amylase sequences between the two species provides a clear demonstration that recurrent gene conversion does indeed lead to the concerted evolution of the gene pair [2].

Anatomical context of Amy-d

• The salivary glands of the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, express a novel member of the amylase gene family [9].

Other interactions of Amy-d

• With reference to the internal control, the Amy-p and Amy-d genes from Oregon-R expressed different relative activity levels for AMY-1 in transient assays [10].
• We have used two paralogous genes (Amyrel and Amy) of the amylase multigene family to reconstruct the phylogeny of the nine Drosophila melanogaster subgroup sister species, including D. santomea, the newly discovered endemic from São Tomé island [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Amy-d

• Restriction maps were made by Southern blot analysis of the Amy (alpha-amylase) region in 7 strains of D. melanogaster using endonucleases SalI, XhoI and EcoRI [3].
• Molecular cloning of alpha-amylase genes from Drosophila melanogaster. I. Clone isolation by use of a mouse probe [12].

References