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Gene Review:

hlyA - hemolysin A

Escherichia coli UTI89

Vaz, T.M. et al., Wani, S.A. et al., Arora, N. et al., Childs, K.D. et al., Azizoglu, R.O. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of hlyA

E. coli O157:H7 isolates were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and subjected to multiplex PCR procedures for amplification of E. coli O157:H7 genes stx1, stx2, eaeA, fliC, rfbEO157, and hlyA [1].
The STEC strains belonged mainly to serotypes O111:HNM (HNM, nonmotile) (13 of 29 [44.8%]), O111:H8 (7 of 29 [24%]), and O26:H11 (4 of 29 [13.8%]); stx(1) eae (26 of 29 [89.6%]), in combination with either enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA (11 of 26 [42%]) or astA (24 of 26 [92.3%]), prevailed [2].
Only Stx1-Stx2 STEC isolate was found to exhibit toxicity to Vero cells and carry hlyA gene [3].

High impact information on hlyA

Virulence factor expression (stx, hlyA, and eaeA) was evaluated by the creation of lacZ gene fusions and then use of the Miller assay (a beta-galactosidase assay) [4].
One milliliter of a culture of Escherichia coli (with five uro-pathogenic virulence factors as identified by PCR: pap, sfa, hlyA, cnf1 and fim) was inoculated intra-vaginally daily throughout the simulated estrus (Group 2) [5].
Three hundred and twenty-six Escherichia coli isolates recovered from 326 human faecal specimens from sporadic cases of diarrhoea in Kashmir valley, India, were investigated for the presence of stx(1), stx(2), eaeA, hlyA and lt virulence genes [6].

References

Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 hide contamination routes: feedlot to harvest. Childs, K.D., Simpson, C.A., Warren-Serna, W., Bellenger, G., Centrella, B., Bowling, R.A., Ruby, J., Stefanek, J., Vote, D.J., Choat, T., Scanga, J.A., Sofos, J.N., Smith, G.C., Belk, K.E. J. Food Prot. (2006) [Pubmed]
Virulence properties and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1976 through 1999. Vaz, T.M., Irino, K., Kato, M.A., Dias, A.M., Gomes, T.A., Medeiros, M.I., Rocha, M.M., Guth, B.E. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Shiga toxin- and enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from subjects with bloody and nonbloody diarrhea in Bangkok, Thailand. Leelaporn, A., Phengmak, M., Eampoklap, B., Manatsathit, S., Tritilanunt, S., Siritantikorn, S., Nagayama, K., Iida, T., Niyasom, C., Komolpit, P. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
Impact of antibiotic stress on acid and heat tolerance and virulence factor expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Azizoglu, R.O., Drake, M. J. Food Prot. (2007) [Pubmed]
A model for cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra complex in the bitch. Arora, N., Sandford, J., Browning, G.F., Sandy, J.R., Wright, P.J. Theriogenology (2006) [Pubmed]
Investigation of diarrhoeic faecal samples for enterotoxigenic, Shiga toxin-producing and typical or atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Kashmir, India. Wani, S.A., Nabi, A., Fayaz, I., Ahmad, I., Nishikawa, Y., Qureshi, K., Khan, M.A., Chowdhary, J. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2006) [Pubmed]

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