Disease relevance of lacZ

• Two new proteins with an estimated M (r) s of approximately 72,000 and 35,000 appeared upon induction with IPTG, and extracts of the recombinant E. coli strain showed beta-galactosidase activity [1].
• Cloning and characterization of a beta-galactosidase encoding region in Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT 5711 [1].
• Here, we show that deleting the gene encoding RhlB stabilizes a lacZ mRNA transcribed by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase [2].
• Plasmid vectors were constructed containing the simian virus 40 origin of replication and single AAF adducts at one of three guanines in the Nar I sequence GGCGCC in a lacZ reporter gene [3].
• Equipped with a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (XylC from Pseudomonas putida), the lacZ-based host responded to the oxidation of benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde to the corresponding benzoic acids by forming blue colonies, whereas XylC- cells did not [4].

Psychiatry related information on lacZ

• NGF-XAT mice activated by expression of cre recombinase manifest increased locomotor activity compared with NGF-XAT mice transduced by a control virus expressing Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase [5].

High impact information on lacZ

• A large number of neural cells (including neurons, astrocytes and ependymal cells) expressed an E. coli lacZ transgene for at least 45 days after inoculation of various brain areas [6].
• To evaluate the potential for adenovirus-mediated central nervous system (CNS) gene transfer, the replication deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors Ad.RSV beta gal (coding for beta-galactosidase) and Ad-alpha 1AT (coding for human alpha 1-antitrypsin) were administered to the lateral ventricle of rats [7].
• These observations, together with beta-galactosidase activity in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra following stereotactic administration of Ad.RSV beta gal to the globus pallidus, suggest that adenovirus vectors will be useful for CNS gene therapy [7].
• In rats, in vivo intraportal administration of a recombinant Ad containing the E. coli lacZ gene, was followed by expression of beta-galactosidase in hepatocytes 3 days after infection [8].
• The pattern of beta-galactosidase activity was identical in heterozygotes and homozygotes and reflected faithfully the Hox-3.1 expression pattern [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of lacZ

• A synthetic molecular conjugate, consisting of mannosylated polylysine that exploits endocytosis via the macrophage mannose receptor, was constructed and complexed to expression plasmids containing either the Photinus pyralis luciferase or Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter genes [10].
• In SOS-induced Escherichia coli, 97% of all methylene blue-induced mutations in the lacZ alpha gene of M13mp2 DNA are single-base substitutions opposite template guanines [11].
• Using the bicistronic vector v alpha 22 beta gal alpha 4GT, which coexpresses both GT and the Escherichia coli lacZ marker gene, we further demonstrate an inverse correlation between the extent of vector expression in the dentate and the amount of CA3 damage resulting from the simultaneous delivery of kainic acid [12].
• In a second strain (CSA15), the lacZ gene is fused to an operon encoding a transport system which displays features characteristic of the ABC group of transporters, and which has a very high level of identity to the ribose transport system from Escherichia coli [13].
• The time required for transcription of the lacZ gene in Escherichia coli was determined during exponential growth and under conditions, when the bacterium was exposed to partial isoleucine starvation [14].

Biological context of lacZ

• One fusion, LexA1-87-FadR102-239, was able to repress the LexA reporter sulA-lacZ, and beta-galactosidase activities were derepressed by fatty acids, suggesting that the fusion protein had determinants both for dimerization and ligand binding [15].
• Virulence factor expression (stx, hlyA, and eaeA) was evaluated by the creation of lacZ gene fusions and then use of the Miller assay (a beta-galactosidase assay) [16].
• The expression of beta-galactosidase from a lac transcriptional fusion to slpA is increased six- to eightfold when the alpA+ gene is present on a multicopy plasmid [17].
• As a consequence, genistein could cause a reduction in (1) the overall SOS response (confirmed using beta-galactosidase assays) and (2) trans-lesion DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase V [18].
• Co-expression in Escherichia coli was studied with the pepR1-pepQ intergenic region fused to the promoterless beta-galactosidase reporter gene [19].

Anatomical context of lacZ

• (f) Central nervous system and retina, in which the endogenous gene is inactive, expressed the lacZ transgene in most lines [20].
• A murine homeobox gene was disrupted at high frequency in embryonic stem cells by its replacement with Escherichia coli lacZ [21].
• Characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells that express the transcription factor SCL, using a lacZ "knock-in" strategy [22].
• In addition to the hematopoietic defect associated with SCL deficiency, the yolk sac blood vessels in SCL(lacZ/lacZ) embryos formed an abnormal primary vascular plexus, which failed to undergo subsequent remodeling and formation of large branching vessels [23].
• An adenoviral vector can transfer lacZ expression into Schwann cells in culture and in sciatic nerve [24].

Associations of lacZ with chemical compounds

• In PE-containing cells these kinetic parameters for TMG transport were reduced by an uncoupler to the level found with PE-deficient cells while an uncoupler reduced lactose uptake by PE-containing (lacZ) cells to below measureable levels [25].
• The termination efficiencies with lambda-tR1 and the promoter proximal lacZ intragenic terminators were significantly higher with 0.1-0.2 M potassium glutamate as the major electrolyte than with the optimal concentrations of KCl (approximately 0.05 M) or potassium acetate (approximately 0.15 M) [26].
• Using a 'lacZ fusion to the ttgG promoter, we show that the most efficient in vivo inducers were 1-naphthol, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 4-nitrotoluene, benzonitrile, and indole [27].
• Quantitative analysis of specific pac mRNA and a lacZ fusion to the 5'-terminal region of the pac gene demonstrated that both phenylacetic acid induction and catabolite repression by glucose are involved, at the transcriptional level, in the regulation of the pac gene [28].
• Five of these mutants expressed the cadA-lacZ fusion at both pH 5.8 and pH 7.6, but retained the requirement for the lysine signal while the other three mutants displayed pH independence at pH 5.8 but not at pH 7 [29].

Regulatory relationships of lacZ

• We constructed B. subtilis mutants and showed that the increased beta-galactosidase activity generated in response to the addition of galactan was eliminated by inactivating lacA or galA but unaffected by the inactivation of yesZ [30].
• Finally, lactose permease activity was 50% of that in control cells containing the same levels of beta-galactosidase, and the lactose permease activity in the IIIGlc overproducer was reduced to an extremely low level in the presence of methyl alpha-glucoside [31].
• A shift to the temperature at which recA441 has constitutive protease activity did not induce Mn-superoxide dismutase but did induce beta-galactosidase [32].

Other interactions of lacZ

• The xylS promoter was fused upstream of two promoterless genes coding the lacZ gene and phoA [33].
• The presence of NOX in the arcA strain eliminated acetate production entirely in batch fermentations and resulted in a 120% increase in beta-galactosidase production [34].
• Other three incomplete open reading frames showing homology to another beta-galactosidase, an alpha-galactosidase, and a galactokinase, respectively, were also found [1].
• Strains harboring simultaneous mutations in arcA/B and fur expressed sodA-lacZ under anaerobic growth conditions but were still inducible by iron chelators [35].
• Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene probe detection of target lacZ and uidA genes were used to detect total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli, respectively, for determining water quality [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of lacZ

• Random mutations were generated in the sequence for the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast rps7 mRNA by PCR, the coding sequence for the mutant leaders fused upstream of the lacZ' reporter in pUC18, and transformed into Escherichia coli, and white colonies were selected [37].
• Northern blotting showed that the transcription of the lacZ gene was inhibited in these cells [38].
• Chromosomal lacZ gene-derived messages were quantitatively recovered in the oligo(dT)-bound fraction, as demonstrated by RT-PCR analysis [39].
• In this study, lacZ transcriptional fusions and an in vitro gel mobility shift assay have been utilized to study the mechanisms governing the regulation of acrAB [40].
• Transduction efficiency of the lacZ gene was estimated histochemically by X-gal staining and quantitatively using a chemiluminescent assay [41].

References