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Gene Review

MIR21  -  microRNA 21

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: MIR-21, MIRN21, hsa-mir-21, miR-21, miRNA21
 
 
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Disease relevance of MIRN21

 

High impact information on MIRN21

  • A cluster of miRNA, including miR-320, miR-200b, miR-21, miR-23a, miR-141, miR-27a, and miR-34a, were expressed in all cell lines [6].
  • Inhibition of miR-21 and miR-200b increased sensitivity to gemcitabine, whereas inhibition of miR-141 decreased cell growth [6].
  • Knockdown of miR-21 in cultured glioblastoma cells triggers activation of caspases and leads to increased apoptotic cell death [1].
  • Our data suggest that aberrantly expressed miR-21 may contribute to the malignant phenotype by blocking expression of critical apoptosis-related genes [1].
  • This pri-miR-21 gene sequence is flanked 5' by a promoter element able to transcribe heterologous mRNAs and 3' by a consensus polyadenylation sequence [7].
 

Biological context of MIRN21

  • Although point mutations could block the ability of both miR-30 and miR-21 to inhibit the translation of mRNAs bearing multiple artificial miRNA target sites, single point mutations only attenuated the miRNA-mediated inhibition of genes bearing single, fully complementary targets [8].
 

Anatomical context of MIRN21

 

Other interactions of MIRN21

  • While let-7a, miR-21, miR-23, miR-130, miR-190, and miR-17-92 family of genes was upregulated, miR-122, an abundant liver-specific miR, was downregulated in the tumors [9].
  • PTEN was shown to be a direct target of miR-21, and to contribute to miR-21 effects on cell invasion [10].

References

  1. MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells. Chan, J.A., Krichevsky, A.M., Kosik, K.S. Cancer Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Expression profiling identifies microRNA signature in pancreatic cancer. Lee, E.J., Gusev, Y., Jiang, J., Nuovo, G.J., Lerner, M.R., Frankel, W.L., Morgan, D.L., Postier, R.G., Brackett, D.J., Schmittgen, T.D. Int. J. Cancer (2007) [Pubmed]
  3. MicroRNA-21 regulates the proliferation and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hiyoshi, Y., Kamohara, H., Karashima, R., Sato, N., Imamura, Y., Nagai, Y., Yoshida, N., Toyama, E., Hayashi, N., Watanabe, M., Baba, H. Clin. Cancer Res. (2009) [Pubmed]
  4. Locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization analysis of miR-21 expression during colorectal cancer development. Yamamichi, N., Shimomura, R., Inada, K., Sakurai, K., Haraguchi, T., Ozaki, Y., Fujita, S., Mizutani, T., Furukawa, C., Fujishiro, M., Ichinose, M., Shiogama, K., Tsutsumi, Y., Omata, M., Iba, H. Clin. Cancer Res. (2009) [Pubmed]
  5. MicroRNA-21 acts as an oncomir through multiple targets in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Liu, C., Yu, J., Yu, S., Lavker, R.M., Cai, L., Liu, W., Yang, K., He, X., Chen, S. J. Hepatol. (2010) [Pubmed]
  6. Involvement of human micro-RNA in growth and response to chemotherapy in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Meng, F., Henson, R., Lang, M., Wehbe, H., Maheshwari, S., Mendell, J.T., Jiang, J., Schmittgen, T.D., Patel, T. Gastroenterology (2006) [Pubmed]
  7. Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs. Cai, X., Hagedorn, C.H., Cullen, B.R. RNA (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Sequence requirements for micro RNA processing and function in human cells. Zeng, Y., Cullen, B.R. RNA (2003) [Pubmed]
  9. Downregulation of miR-122 in the rodent and human hepatocellular carcinomas. Kutay, H., Bai, S., Datta, J., Motiwala, T., Pogribny, I., Frankel, W., Jacob, S.T., Ghoshal, K. J. Cell. Biochem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  10. MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer. Meng, F., Henson, R., Wehbe-Janek, H., Ghoshal, K., Jacob, S.T., Patel, T. Gastroenterology (2007) [Pubmed]
 
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