High impact information on TYRL

• A stabilized mu-eta(2):eta(2) peroxodicopper(II) complex with a secondary diamine ligand and its tyrosinase-like reactivity [1].
• One of these, Jo12, has 11q markers extending from tyrosinase (q14-q21) to PBGD (q23.3) plus one marker (TYRL, p11.2) from 11p [2].
• Behaviour of the tyrosinase-like enzymatic activity associated with these sites appeared reminiscent to the recently described dopachrome oxidase or tautomerase activity exhibited by the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inasmuch as it also accepts a broad range of catecholic melanogenic precursors [3].
• Evolution of the tyrosinase related gene (TYRL) in primates [4].
• Melanogenesis in the pigment cells of Rana esculenta L. liver: evidence for tyrosinase-like activity in the melanosome protein fraction [5].

Biological context of TYRL

• We and others have found that the TYRL locus contains sequences that are similar to exons IV and V of the authentic tyrosinase gene but lacks sequences of exons I, II, and III [4].
• The 3'-region of the TYR shows 98.55% sequence identity with a pseudogene, known as Tyrosinase-Like Gene (TYRL, 11p11.2-cen) [6].

Anatomical context of TYRL

• It is clear, therefore, that the tyrosinase gene is expressed in the human substantia nigra, lending support to previous studies describing tyrosinase-like activity and immunoreactive protein in the brain [7].
• The melanocytes cultured with endothelin-1 induced tyrosinase like immune reactive protein [8].
• 1. The liver pigment cells of R. esculenta L. constitute a peculiar pigment cell system of histiocytic nature and contain a tyrosinase-like activity localized in the protein component of melanosomes [9].

Associations of TYRL with chemical compounds

• A tyrosinase-like activity was found in human substantia nigra by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fractions prepared from homogenates of the substantia nigra [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TYRL

• PCR amplification of these regions using primers with sequences common to both loci may result in coamplification of TYR and TYRL, and may lead to misinterpretation of the results [6].

References