Disease relevance of Hydrazines

• Hydrazine and lupus [1].
• Hemolysis of coated SRC by RF and complement was inhibited by prior treatment of the complement source with chelating agents, hydrazine, cobra venom factor, specific antisera to C1q, CR, C5, C6, or C8, or by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min [2].
• This study provides strong evidence for the protective role of intestinal diamine oxidase in intestinal ischemia [3].
• Intestinal metaplasia was typed by staining with periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue and high-iron diamine/alcian blue [4].
• High-dose samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate: low toxicity of skeletal irradiation in patients with osteosarcoma and bone metastases [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hydrazines

• We now report evidence that these biometals also mediate the deposition of Abeta amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, since the solubilization of Abeta from post-mortem brain tissue was significantly increased by the presence of chelators, EGTA, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridyl-methyl) ethylene diamine, and bathocuproine [6].
• In a time-response study, rats were given 90 mg hydrazine/kg body wt. and killed 0.25 to 96 h later [7].
• The polyamine spermidine, and its diamine precursor, putrescine, blocked CPP-induced darting behavior, as well as CPP-induced hyperactivity, at doses which did not decrease locomotor activity when administered alone [8].
• L-tryptophan (L-T) was added at a dose of 150-450 mg daily to eight Parkinsonian patients who developed visual hallucinations with paranoidal features under L-dopa (L-D) treatment (112.5-75 mg daily) in combination with alpha-methyldopa hydrazine (12.5-75 mg daily) [9].
• Residual neurobehavioral impairment in concentration, comprehension, memory, task performance and mood status persisted in a water technician with respiratory and dermal exposures to hydrazine-containing mixtures prior to treatment with steroids for concurrent thrombocytopenia [10].

High impact information on Hydrazines

• The acetylation polymorphism concerns the metabolism of a variety of arylamine and hydrazine drugs, as well as carcinogens by the cytosolic N-acetyltransferase NAT2 [11].
• There are no conclusive data on the drug as a human carcinogen, but one of its metabolites, hydrazine (CAS: 302-01-2), has been shown to be carcinogenic in rats and mice [12].
• Indirect alkylation of CBA mouse liver DNA and RNA by hydrazine in vivo. A possible mechanism of action as a carcinogen [13].
• In humans they are known to be responsible for the acetylation of a number of arylamine and hydrazine drugs, and they are strongly linked to the carcinogenic potentiation of certain foreign substances [14].
• The NMR line shape parameters require rapid exchange of the steroid diamine among potential binding sites and are consistent with greater segmental flexibility in the complex compared to the synthetic DNA in solution [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hydrazines

• Intestinal diamine oxidase and histamine release in rabbit mesenteric ischemia [3].
• Procarbazine is a 1,2-disubstituted hydrazine derivative that is used to treat human leukemias [16].
• High-dose samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate: low toxicity of skeletal irradiation in patients with osteosarcoma and bone metastases [17].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three of the 31 patients with long-standing primary hypothyroidism (6 men, 25 women; age range 30 to 71 years, mean 47.2 +/- 2.2 SEM) were switched from Synthroid to Levoxine (group 1) and the remaining patients from Levoxine to Synthroid (group 2) [18].
• The basis for this interest stems from the ability of phenylhydrazine and hydrazine-based drugs to induce hemolytic anemia [19].

Biological context of Hydrazines

• These results suggest that "indirect" alkylation of nucleic acids is a mechanism of cancer initiation by hydrazine [13].
• The nonexchangeable proton chemical shift parameters for the dipyrandium.poly(dA-dT) complex demonstrate unstacking of base pairs and partial insertion of the steroid diamine at the complexation site [15].
• The structure of the hexasaccharide was determined to be NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3[NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlNAc beta 1----6]GalNAc, on the basis of exoglycosidase digestion, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis as well as hydrazine-nitrous acid fragmentation [20].
• A possibility that the hydrogen atom releasing compound participates in hydrazine plus Cu(II)-induced DNA damage is discussed [21].
• Spectroscopic and kinetics studies of the inhibition of pig kidney diamine oxidase by anions [22].

Anatomical context of Hydrazines

• Immunohistochemical examinations showed that mAb 91.9H bound normal colonic epithelial cells, which also stained with high-iron diamine, more strongly than it bound colon carcinoma cells [23].
• Cell membranes containing pulse-radiolabeled VSG were incubated with hydrazine, and the VSG released from the membranes was measured by carbonate extraction, immunoprecipitation, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/fluorography [24].
• Export of the diamine putrescine was studied using inside-out plasma membrane vesicles prepared from Chinese hamster cells [25].
• Nasal cavities were fixed with Karnovsky's fixative, decalcified, and processed for light microscopy, and sections were stained with alcian blue (pH 2.5)/periodic acid-Schiff or high iron diamine [26].
• MV, isolated from growth plate cartilage, were analyzed directly by solid-state 31P NMR, or incubated with hydrazine or NaOCl to remove organic constituents [27].

Associations of Hydrazines with other chemical compounds

• Putrescine is lethal to the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans at extracellular pH values at which significant concentrations of the nonprotonated diamine rapidly diffuse into the cell and accumulate as the charged form [28].
• The three other naturally occurring hydrazine compounds are N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine, which occurs in the wild edible mushroom, Gyromitra esculenta, and beta-N-[gamma-L(+)-glutamyl]-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine and 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine, which are found in the commonly eaten cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus [29].
• The enzyme was unaffected by 2.0 mM EDTA, thiourea, o-phenanthroline, alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, 8-hydroxyquinoline, diethyldithiocarbamate, thiourea, hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, isoniazid, semicarbazide, sulfite, nitrite, or sulfide, all at pH 7.0 [30].
• Taken together, the data are consistent with a functional role for Cu(II) in diamine oxidase catalysis [22].
• ESR-spin trapping experiments showed that hydroxyl radical is generated during the Mn(III)-catalyzed autoxidation of hydrazine, whereas hydrogen atom adducts of spin trapping reagents are generated during Cu(II)-catalyzed autoxidation [21].

Gene context of Hydrazines

• Simultaneous histochemistry with high iron diamine and immunohistochemistry indicated that the increase of detectable MUC2 is concomitant with low mucin sulphation in the same cells [31].
• Enzyme activity assays show that ATAO1 preferentially oxidizes the aliphatic diamine putrescine with production of the corresponding aldehyde, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide, a recognized plant signal molecule and substrate for peroxidases [32].
• Arylamine N-acetyltransferase catalyses the N-acetylation of primary arylamine and hydrazine drugs and chemicals [33].
• N-1-(4-Sulfamoylphenyl)-N-4-pentafluorophenyl-thiosemicarbazide was prepared by the reaction of 4-isothiocyanato-benzenesulfonamide with pentafluorophenyl hydrazine, and proved to be an effective inhibitor of several isozymes of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), such as CA I, II, and IX [34].
• Adrenalectomized rats metabolize the diamine at a reduced rate, a result consistent with the previously demonstrated decrease of DAO in the tissues of several species of animal [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hydrazines

• The main results were: (a) Diamine oxidase activity decreased by 60% after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion [3].
• The distribution of INH t1/2, acetyl INH to INH ratios in urine and plasma, and hydrazine compounds in urine measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was similar between the two groups, except for 1 patient who was definitely classified as a slow acetylator [36].
• Enzymatic activation of hydrazine derivatives. A spin-trapping study [37].
• Pronase-released glycopeptides and hydrazine-released oligosaccharides of isolated fibronectin from the culture media were analyzed using endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and specific exoglycosidase digestions in conjunction with calibrated gel filtration chromatography [38].
• Mild hydrazine treatment of the LPS afforded O-deacylated samples that were analyzed directly by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the negative ion mode [39].

References