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Gene Review

MUR1  -  GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase 2

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: 6-DEHYDRATASE, 6-DEHYDRATASE 2, GDP-D-MANNOSE-4, GDP-D-MANNOSE-4,6-DEHYDRATASE 2, GMD2, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of MUR1

  • The combined action of the MUR1 and GER1 gene products converts GDP-D-mannose to GDP-L-fucose in vitro demonstrating that this entire nucleotide-sugar interconversion pathway could be reconstituted using plant genes expressed in Escherichia coli [1].
  • Most of the mutant lines did not show obvious morphological or physiological alterations; however, lines mur1, mur9 and mur10 co-segregated with reduced vigor or dwarfism of the plants [2].
 

High impact information on MUR1

  • Two allelic l-fucose-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants (mur1-1 and 1-2) are dwarfed and their rosette leaves do not grow normally. mur1 leaf cell walls contain normal amounts of the cell wall pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), but only half exists as a borate cross-linked dimer [3].
  • The reduced cross-linking of RG-II in dwarf mur1 plants indicates that plant growth depends on wall pectic polysaccharide organization [3].
  • Substitution of L-fucose by L-galactose in cell walls of Arabidopsis mur1 [4].
  • Because the mur1 mutation affects several cell wall polysaccharides, whereas the mur2 mutation is specific to xyloglucan, the phenotypes of mur1 plants appear to be caused by structural changes in fucosylated pectic components such as rhamnogalacturonan-II [5].
  • The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase, catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose [6].
 

Biological context of MUR1

  • All seven mur1 alleles investigated showed single point mutations in the coding region for the 4,6-dehydratase, confirming that it represents the MUR1 gene [6].
  • An expressed sequence tag was identified that showed significant sequence similarity to proposed bacterial GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratases and was tightly linked to the mur1 locus [6].
 

Anatomical context of MUR1

  • The Arabidopsis thaliana mutant mur1 is affected in the biosynthesis of l-fucose and has less than 2% of the normal amounts of this sugar in the cell walls of its aerial parts [7].
 

Associations of MUR1 with chemical compounds

  • We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the MUR1 dehydratase isoform from Arabidopsis thaliana complexed with its NADPH cofactor as well as with the ligands GDP and GDP-D-rhamnose [8].
  • Structure of the MUR1 GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase from Arabidopsis thaliana: implications for ligand binding and specificity [8].
  • In vitro GDP-fucose synthesis activity was observed in the cytoplasmic fraction of cells coexpressing the AtFX/GER1 gene and MUR1 gene [9].
  • The mur1 mutant of Arabidopsis is deficient in L-fucose in the shoot and is rescued by growth in the presence of exogenously supplied L-fucose [6].
  • Addition of eel lectin, which specifically recognizes this epitope, and not fucose in other wall polymers, can phenocopy mur1 roots [7].
 

Other interactions of MUR1

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MUR1

  • Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that both proteins interact with each other, indicating that this interaction is required to maintain MUR1 protein as the active or stable form [9].

References

  1. A bifunctional epimerase-reductase acts downstream of the MUR1 gene product and completes the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose in Arabidopsis. Bonin, C.P., Reiter, W.D. Plant J. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered cell wall polysaccharide composition. Reiter, W.D., Chapple, C., Somerville, C.R. Plant J. (1997) [Pubmed]
  3. Requirement of borate cross-linking of cell wall rhamnogalacturonan II for Arabidopsis growth. O'Neill, M.A., Eberhard, S., Albersheim, P., Darvill, A.G. Science (2001) [Pubmed]
  4. Substitution of L-fucose by L-galactose in cell walls of Arabidopsis mur1. Zablackis, E., York, W.S., Pauly, M., Hantus, S., Reiter, W.D., Chapple, C.C., Albersheim, P., Darvill, A. Science (1996) [Pubmed]
  5. The mur2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana lacks fucosylated xyloglucan because of a lesion in fucosyltransferase AtFUT1. Vanzin, G.F., Madson, M., Carpita, N.C., Raikhel, N.V., Keegstra, K., Reiter, W.D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2002) [Pubmed]
  6. The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase, catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose. Bonin, C.P., Potter, I., Vanzin, G.F., Reiter, W.D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1997) [Pubmed]
  7. Fucosylated arabinogalactan-proteins are required for full root cell elongation in arabidopsis. van Hengel, A.J., Roberts, K. Plant J. (2002) [Pubmed]
  8. Structure of the MUR1 GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase from Arabidopsis thaliana: implications for ligand binding and specificity. Mulichak, A.M., Bonin, C.P., Reiter, W.D., Garavito, R.M. Biochemistry (2002) [Pubmed]
  9. Interaction of GDP-4-keto-6-deoxymannose-3,5-epimerase-4-reductase with GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase stabilizes the enzyme activity for formation of GDP-fucose from GDP-mannose. Nakayama, K., Maeda, Y., Jigami, Y. Glycobiology (2003) [Pubmed]
 
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