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Gene Review: 

TWN2  -  Valyl-tRNA synthetase

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: T5E21.11, T5E21_11, TWIN 2, VALRS, VALYL TRNA SYNTHETASE
 
 
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High impact information on TWN2

  • The twn2 mutant of Arabidopsis exhibits a defect in early embryogenesis where, following one or two divisions of the zygote, the decendents of the apical cell arrest [1].
  • Suspensor-derived polyembryony caused by altered expression of valyl-tRNA synthetase in the twn2 mutant of Arabidopsis [1].
  • Analysis of transcript initiation sites and the expression of promoter-reporter fusions in transgenic plants indicated that enhancer elements inside the first two introns interact with the border of the T-DNA to cause the altered pattern of expression of the valRS gene in the twn2 mutant [1].
  • Furthermore, mutant tRNAs(Val) carrying the D-domain of the tRNA(Met-e), although still efficiently recognized by the valyl-tRNA synthetase, are not imported any more into mitochondria [2].
  • Distal to the mitochondrial transit peptide both valyl-tRNA synthetase and threonyl tRNA synthetase possess an NH2-appended domain compared with their prokaryotic counterparts [3].

References

  1. Suspensor-derived polyembryony caused by altered expression of valyl-tRNA synthetase in the twn2 mutant of Arabidopsis. Zhang, J.Z., Somerville, C.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1997) [Pubmed]
  2. The anticodon and the D-domain sequences are essential determinants for plant cytosolic tRNA(Val) import into mitochondria. Delage, L., Duchêne, A.M., Zaepfel, M., Maréchal-Drouard, L. Plant J. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Characterization of two bifunctional Arabdopsis thaliana genes coding for mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of valyl-tRNA synthetase and threonyl-tRNA synthetase by alternative use of two in-frame AUGs. Souciet, G., Menand, B., Ovesna, J., Cosset, A., Dietrich, A., Wintz, H. Eur. J. Biochem. (1999) [Pubmed]
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