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Gene Review:

KIN1 - Kin1p

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

Synonyms: Serine/threonine protein kinase KIN1, YD9727.17, YDR122W

Mylonakis, E. et al., Tibbetts, M. et al., Lamb, A. et al., Levin, D.E. et al., Hammond, C.L. et al., et al.

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High impact information on KIN1

These genes, designated KIN1 and KIN2, are closely related to each other [1].
Genetic analysis of one strain revealed an insertion in a gene homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae KIN1, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase [2].
The kin1 mutant phenotypes were complemented by the wild-type KIN1 gene [2].
C. neoformans kin1 mutants exhibited significant defects in virulence in murine inhalation and haematogenous infection models and displayed increased binding to alveolar and peritoneal macrophages [2].
We have isolated two yeast genes, KIN1 and KIN2, by their homology to the protein kinase family of viral oncogenes [3].

Biological context of KIN1

KIN1 and KIN2 are transcribed into 3.5-kilobase mRNAs that contain uninterrupted open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 117 kDa and 126 kDa, respectively [1].
Two genes, KIN1 and KIN2, were isolated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by their homology to the protein kinase family of viral oncogenes [4].
These findings show that the C. neoformans Kin1 kinase homologue is required for full virulence in disparate hosts and that C. elegans can be used as a substitute host to identify novel factors involved in fungal pathogenesis in mammals [2].

Anatomical context of KIN1

Interestingly, a significant fraction of KIN1 and KIN2 proteins are present in purified cell wall preparations [4].
KIN1 and KIN2 protein kinases localize to the cytoplasmic face of the yeast plasma membrane [4].

Associations of KIN1 with chemical compounds

In exponentially growing yeast cells, the KIN1 protein is phosphorylated primarily on serine residues [5].

Other interactions of KIN1

Here, we present evidence for a novel link between Kin1, Kin2, and the secretory machinery of the budding yeast [6].
We have independently identified and DNA sequenced the INO2 locus by its close proximity to the KIN1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of KIN1

Using antibodies raised against a bacterial LacZ/KIN1 fusion protein, we have identified by immunoprecipitation the yeast KIN1 gene product as a 145,000 dalton protein (p145KIN1) [5].

References

Two yeast genes that encode unusual protein kinases. Levin, D.E., Hammond, C.I., Ralston, R.O., Bishop, J.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1987) [Pubmed]
Cryptococcus neoformans Kin1 protein kinase homologue, identified through a Caenorhabditis elegans screen, promotes virulence in mammals. Mylonakis, E., Idnurm, A., Moreno, R., El Khoury, J., Rottman, J.B., Ausubel, F.M., Heitman, J., Calderwood, S.B. Mol. Microbiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Characterization of the KIN2 gene product in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and comparison between the kinase activities of p145KIN1 and p145KIN2. Donovan, M., Romano, P., Tibbetts, M., Hammond, C.I. Yeast (1994) [Pubmed]
KIN1 and KIN2 protein kinases localize to the cytoplasmic face of the yeast plasma membrane. Tibbetts, M., Donovan, M., Roe, S., Stiltner, A.M., Hammond, C.I. Exp. Cell Res. (1994) [Pubmed]
The product of the KIN1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase. Lamb, A., Tibbetts, M., Hammond, C.I. Yeast (1991) [Pubmed]
The yeast par-1 homologs kin1 and kin2 show genetic and physical interactions with components of the exocytic machinery. Elbert, M., Rossi, G., Brennwald, P. Mol. Biol. Cell (2005) [Pubmed]
INO2, a regulatory gene in yeast phospholipid biosynthesis, affects nuclear segregation and bud pattern formation. Hammond, C.L., Romano, P., Roe, S., Tontonoz, P. Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. (1993) [Pubmed]

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AGOS_AGR058W	Ashbya gossypii ATCC 10895
KLLA0F19536g	Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140
KIN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

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