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Gene Review

carB  -  carbamoyl-phosphate synthase large subunit

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK0034, JW0031, cap, pyrA
 
 
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Disease relevance of carB

  • The carAB operon from E. coli hybridized with the gonococcal clones that carried carA or carB genes under conditions of high stringency, detecting 80% or greater similarity and showing that the nucleotide sequence of the carbamoylphosphate synthetase genes is very similar in these two organisms [1].
  • The first committed reaction in pyrimidine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is catalyzed by the allosteric enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase (aspartate carbamoyltransferase; carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2), the product of the pyrB-pyrI operon [2].
 

High impact information on carB

  • Analysis of the sequence coding for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I indicates that the gene has arisen from a fusion of two ancestral genes: one homologous to Escherichia coli carA, coding for a glutaminase subunit, and the second homologous to the carB gene that codes for the synthetase subunit [3].
  • We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 4-kilobase-pair cloned fragment of E. coli DNA with genetic determinants for carB [4].
  • Previous genetic and biochemical studies indicate that the carB gene of Escherichia coli codes for the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.5.5) [4].
  • Synthesis of aspartate transcarbamoylase in Escherichia coli: transcriptional regulation of the pyrB-pyrI operon [2].
  • The plasmid, pHN12, carries a functional carB gene [5].
 

Biological context of carB

  • We found that DIF-1 did not affect the expression of the tagB or carB genes, both of which are prestalk specific and essential for PST-A cell differentiation [6].
  • Whereas carA and carB are separated by a short noncoding intercistronic region, the homologous sequences of the CAD gene encode an amino acid bridge [7].
  • Transposon Tn5 mutagenesis was used to localize the carA and carB genes on the cloned R. meliloti DNA [8].
  • The sequence revealed the presence of two open reading frames, pyrR and pyrP, located immediately upstream of the previously sequenced pyrB gene encoding the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase [9].

References

  1. Cloning and organization of seven arginine biosynthesis genes from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Picard, F.J., Dillon, J.R. J. Bacteriol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  2. Synthesis of aspartate transcarbamoylase in Escherichia coli: transcriptional regulation of the pyrB-pyrI operon. Navre, M., Schachman, H.K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1983) [Pubmed]
  3. The gene coding for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I was formed by fusion of an ancestral glutaminase gene and a synthetase gene. Nyunoya, H., Broglie, K.E., Lusty, C.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1985) [Pubmed]
  4. The carB gene of Escherichia coli: a duplicated gene coding for the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Nyunoya, H., Lusty, C.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1983) [Pubmed]
  5. In vivo synthesis of carbamyl phosphate from NH3 by the large subunit of Escherichia coli carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Rubino, S.D., Nyunoya, H., Lusty, C.J. J. Biol. Chem. (1987) [Pubmed]
  6. Initial cell type divergence in Dictyostelium is independent of DIF-1. Shaulsky, G., Loomis, W.F. Dev. Biol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  7. Evidence that mammalian glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase arose through gene fusion. Kern, C.B., Lusty, C.J., Davidson, J.N. J. Mol. Evol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  8. Genetic analysis of carbamoylphosphate synthesis in Rhizobium meliloti 104A14. Kerppola, T.K., Kahn, M.L. J. Gen. Microbiol. (1988) [Pubmed]
  9. The pyrimidine biosynthesis operon of the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus includes genes for uracil phosphoribosyltransferase and uracil permease. Ghim, S.Y., Neuhard, J. J. Bacteriol. (1994) [Pubmed]
 
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