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Gene Review:

gadB - glutamate decarboxylase B, PLP-dependent

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK1487, JW1488

De Biase, D. et al., Smith, D.K. et al., Tramonti, A. et al., Yokoigawa, K. et al., Yohannes, E. et al., et al.

De Biase, Tramonti, Bossa, Visca, Yokoigawa, Takikawa, Okubo, Umesako,

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Disease relevance of gadB

The Escherichia coli chromosome contains two distantly located genes, gadA and gadB, which encode biochemically undistinguishable isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (Gad) [1].

High impact information on gadB

DNA mobility shift experiments showed that purified GadX protein bound to the perA, gadA and gadB promoter regions in vitro, indicating that GadX is a transcriptional regulator of these genes [2].
The gadC gene, located downstream of gadB, has been proposed to encode a putative antiporter implicated in the export of gamma-aminobutyrate, the glutamic acid decarboxylation product [3].
The mRNA level of glutamate decarboxylase genes (gadA and gadB) correlated to the acid tolerance level when the E. coli cells were grown at 25 degrees C, but was very low even in the stationary phase when the E. coli cells were grown at 15 degrees C or below [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of gadB

One very efficient E. coli acid resistance system encompasses two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (gadA and gadB) and a putative glutamate:gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) antiporter (gadC) [5].

Biological context of gadB

Reporter lac fusion constructs showed base induction of sdaA encoding serine deaminase under anaerobiosis; in addition, the glutamate decarboxylase genes gadA and gadB were induced at the high pH anaerobically but not with aeration [6].
Information about the DNA sequences and map positions of gadA and gadB should facilitate a genetic approach to elucidate the role of GAD in E. coli metabolism [7].

Associations of gadB with chemical compounds

In the present work, we provide in vivo evidence that gadC is co-transcribed with gadB and that the functional glutamic acid-dependent system requires the activities of both GadA/B and GadC [3].

Other interactions of gadB

This compound is exported via the protein product of the gadC gene, which is cotranscribed with gadB [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of gadB

By restriction mapping and hybridization to the Kohara miniset library, the two GAD genes were located on the E. coli chromosome. gadA maps at 4046 kb and gadB at 1588 kb [7].

References

Functional characterization and regulation of gadX, a gene encoding an AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli glutamic acid decarboxylase system. Tramonti, A., Visca, P., De Canio, M., Falconi, M., De Biase, D. J. Bacteriol. (2002) [Pubmed]
An activator of glutamate decarboxylase genes regulates the expression of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes through control of the plasmid-encoded regulator, Per. Shin, S., Castanie-Cornet, M.P., Foster, J.W., Crawford, J.A., Brinkley, C., Kaper, J.B. Mol. Microbiol. (2001) [Pubmed]
The response to stationary-phase stress conditions in Escherichia coli: role and regulation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase system. De Biase, D., Tramonti, A., Bossa, F., Visca, P. Mol. Microbiol. (1999) [Pubmed]
Acid tolerance and gad mRNA levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 grown in foods. Yokoigawa, K., Takikawa, A., Okubo, Y., Umesako, S. Int. J. Food Microbiol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Collaborative regulation of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance by two AraC-like regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW). Ma, Z., Richard, H., Tucker, D.L., Conway, T., Foster, J.W. J. Bacteriol. (2002) [Pubmed]
pH-dependent catabolic protein expression during anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli K-12. Yohannes, E., Barnhart, D.M., Slonczewski, J.L. J. Bacteriol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Escherichia coli has two homologous glutamate decarboxylase genes that map to distinct loci. Smith, D.K., Kassam, T., Singh, B., Elliott, J.F. J. Bacteriol. (1992) [Pubmed]

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