Disease relevance of Decarboxylation

• The results provide an explanation for the presence of GH-secreting tumors in some patients with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, type I, and warrant the addition of GH-releasing activity to the growing list of hormones secreted by tumors of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell types [1].
• Disturbance of neuronal activity to release L-DOPA in NTS, loss of the activity in CVLM, enhancement of the activity with decreased decarboxylation and increase in sensitivity to levodopa in RVLM may be involved in maintenance of hypertension in SHR [2].
• We demonstrate that the N-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli Dfp protein catalyzes the decarboxylation of (R)-4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine to 4'-phosphopantetheine [3].
• Macrophomate synthase from the fungus Macrophoma commelinae IFO 9570 is a Mg(II)-dependent dimeric enzyme that catalyzes an extraordinary, complex five-step chemical transformation from 2-pyrone and oxalacetate to benzoate involving decarboxylation, C-C bond formation, and dehydration [4].
• Malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase (MSAD) has been identified as the protein encoded by the orf130 gene from Pseudomonas pavonaceae 170 on the basis of the genomic context of the gene as well as its ability to catalyze the decarboxylation of malonate semialdehyde to generate acetaldehyde [5].

Psychiatry related information on Decarboxylation

• The decarboxylation of L-malate in these wines leads to an increase in pH, more organoleptic complexity and microbiological stability [6].

High impact information on Decarboxylation

• The AlkB enzyme couples oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to the hydroxylation of these methylated bases in DNA, resulting in direct reversion to the unmodified base and the release of formaldehyde [7].
• Here we report the synthesis of rationally designed polypeptides that catalyse the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate via an imine intermediate [8].
• Conversion of the chemical energy of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylation into a Na+ gradient [9].
• Importance of amino acid uptake and decarboxylation in gastrin release from isolated G cells [10].
• An antibody generated against a derivative of 2-acetamido-1,5-napthalenedisulfonate efficiently catalyzes the decarboxylation of 5-nitro-3-carboxybenzisoxazole [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Decarboxylation

• When racemic LThDP was exposed to the E91D yeast pyruvate decarboxylase variant, or to the E1 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc-E1) from Escherichia coli, it was partitioned between reversion to pyruvate and decarboxylation [12].
• Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, an intrinsic membrane protein of Escherichia coli, catalyzes the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine, the final step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, the principal membrane lipid of this organism [13].
• We now report that extracts of a polymyxin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli catalyze the C-4" oxidation and C-6" decarboxylation of [alpha-(32)P]UDP-glucuronic acid, followed by transamination to generate [alpha-(32)P]UDP-l-Ara4N, when NAD and glutamate are added as co-substrates [14].
• In the Gram-negative anaerobe, Oxalobacter formigenes, the generation of metabolic energy depends on the transport and decarboxylation of oxalate [15].
• In the present study, the enzyme CloR was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and identified as a bifunctional non-heme iron oxygenase, which converts 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (3DMA-4HPP) via 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxymandelic acid (3DMA-4HMA) to 3DMA-4HB by two consecutive oxidative decarboxylation steps [16].

Biological context of Decarboxylation

• During this period, altered GSH metabolism could contribute indirectly to BCNU's pleiotropic effects by interfering with DNA alkylation repair, glucose decarboxylation, deoxyribose formation, and possibly by influencing other aspects of proliferation [17].
• Transfection with normal E1 alpha cDNA into Lo cells restored decarboxylation activity of intact cells [18].
• The pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex couples the activity of three component enzymes (E1, E2 and E3) in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to generate acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle [19].
• His501 is an additional critical residue at the catalytic site, probably being involved in both the binding of the C-1 carboxyl group of 2-oxoglutarate and the decarboxylation of this cosubstrate [20].
• Ama was obtained by anaerobic alkaline hydrolysis and identified by chromatographic behavior, quantitative acid-mediated decarboxylation to glycine, and unambiguous gas chromatographic/mass spectral detection [21].

Anatomical context of Decarboxylation

• Additional specimens were incubated with 3H-5-HTP and carbidopa, an inhibitor of DOPA-decarboxylase, used to block the decarboxylation of 3H-5-HTP to 3H-5-HT, or with 3H-5-HT, used to determine where exogenous 3H-5-HT localizes in the pyloric mucosa [22].
• Family studies on myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency have been carried out by quantitating the peroxidase activity of granulocyte preparations with three methods, namely guaiacol peroxidation, alanine decarboxylation, and spectroscopic analysis [23].
• It has previously been suggested that, after degeneration of nigrostriatal pathways, decarboxylation of administered L-dopa may occur mainly at such striatal sites as surviving dopaminergic terminals, serotonergic neurons, or capillaries; but currently available data do not favor these hypotheses [24].
• The 6 patients with typical dopa-responsive dystonia had a modest but significant reduction in the uptake of tracer into both caudate and putamen, which indicates a defect in the decarboxylation, vesicular uptake, and storage of [18F]dopa [25].
• The substrate phosphatidylserine is synthesized extramitochondrially and must be translocated to the mitochondria prior to decarboxylation [26].

Associations of Decarboxylation with chemical compounds

• These results indicate that decarboxylation, not transamination, is the rate-limiting step in normal human leucine metabolism [27].
• Both agents stimulated acid phosphatase activity and hyaluronate synthesis in the CT cells and decreased alkaline phosphatase, citrate decarboxylation, and collagen synthesis in the PT cells [28].
• Chemical evolution from hydrogen cyanide: photochemical decarboxylation of orotic acid and orotate derivatives [29].
• This effect of histamine is abolished by incubation with diamine oxidase (histaminase) and was generated by decarboxylation of L-histidine [30].
• Effect of protein ingestion on urinary dopamine excretion. Evidence for the functional importance of renal decarboxylation of circulating 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in man [31].

Gene context of Decarboxylation

• One is based on the ability of MPO, but not EPO, to catalyze decarboxylation of L-alanine in the presence of Triton X-100, and the other relies on the different spectral properties of the two peroxidases [23].
• Cytosolic malic enzyme catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and CO2 [32].
• This decarboxylation can be effected by any of Pdc1p, Pdc5p, Pdc6p, or Ydr380wp; Ydl080cp has no role in the catabolism of either amino acid [33].
• The gadC gene, located downstream of gadB, has been proposed to encode a putative antiporter implicated in the export of gamma-aminobutyrate, the glutamic acid decarboxylation product [34].
• Although the exact site of decarboxylation of exogenous levodopa to dopamine in the brain is unknown, most striatal AADC is located in nigrostriatal dopaminergic nerve terminals [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Decarboxylation

• The base-exchange reaction for phosphatidylserine formation or the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine was not affected by serine perfusion [36].
• The binding of the noncovalent inhibitors pyruvate or lactate or the covalently binding inhibitor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate all induce a slow change in coenzyme circular dichroism that quantitatively parallels the slow decarboxylation of 2-methyl-2-aminomalonate [37].
• Dissection of malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylation from polyketide formation in the reaction mechanism of a plant polyketide synthase [38].
• Rehydration of the cis-homoaconitate produces (-)-threo-isohomocitrate [(2R,3S)-1-hydroxy-1,2, 4-butanetricarboxylic acid], which undergoes a NADP+-dependent oxidative decarboxylation to produce alpha-ketoadipate [39].
• Ethanolamine glycerophospholipid formation by decarboxylation of serine glycerophospholipids in myelinating organ cultures of cerebellum [40].

References