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MeSH Review:

Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype

Webster, R.G. et al., Quinlivan, M. et al., Tartaglia, J. et al., Gao, X.M. et al., Johansson, G. et al., et al.

Wattrang, Jessett, Yates, Fuxler, Hannant,

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Disease relevance of Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype

Contrary to previous findings with human influenza virus, we found that in the case of equine influenza virus, the length of the NS1 protein did not correlate with the level of attenuation of that virus [1].
Serological analysis with postinfection ferret sera in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests confirmed that Eq/Jilin is antigenically distinct from H3N8 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1963 and 1991 and also showed that a current equine influenza virus [A/Equine/Alaska/1/91 (H3N8)] had undergone antigenic drift [2].
Here we used POLI-220 that expresses a 445 nt defective RNA isolated from a mouse-protective defective equine H3N8 virus, and POLI-317 that expresses a 585 nt defective RNA from an avian H7N7 virus [3].
NYVAC-based recombinants expressing pertinent immunogens from equine influenza virus (EIV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were used to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of this vector [4].

High impact information on Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype

The corresponding sequence of the NP of an equine influenza virus, A/Eq/Prague/56, which has a substitution (leucine to proline) at position 283, was not recognized by the lymph node cells from mice primed with either A/Okuda or A/Eq/Prague [5].
Experimental infection of ponies with equine influenza A2 (H3N8) virus strains of different pathogenicity elicits varying interferon and interleukin-6 responses [6].
Triton X-100-solubilized membrane glycoproteins (neuraminidase and hemagglutinin) from purified equine influenza virus particles were separated by column displacement electrophoresis (isotachophoresis) in the presence of Pharmalyte spacers [7].
No significant increase of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to subtypes 1 and 2 of equine influenza virus were detected in any of the sera tested [8].

Gene context of Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype

With equine influenza virus, the mutant virus with the shortest NS1 protein turned out to be the least attenuated [1].

References

Attenuation of equine influenza viruses through truncations of the NS1 protein. Quinlivan, M., Zamarin, D., García-Sastre, A., Cullinane, A., Chambers, T., Palese, P. J. Virol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Efficacy of equine influenza vaccines for protection against A/Equine/Jilin/89 (H3N8)--a new equine influenza virus. Webster, R.G., Thomas, T.L. Vaccine (1993) [Pubmed]
Defective influenza A virus generated entirely from plasmids: its RNA is expressed in infected mouse lung and modulates disease. Duhaut, S.D., Dimmock, N.J. J. Virol. Methods (2003) [Pubmed]
Safety and immunogenicity of recombinants based on the genetically-engineered vaccinia strain, NYVAC. Tartaglia, J., Cox, W.I., Pincus, S., Paoletti, E. Dev. Biol. Stand. (1994) [Pubmed]
A dominant Th epitope in influenza nucleoprotein. Analysis of the fine specificity and functional repertoire of T cells recognizing a single determinant. Gao, X.M., Liew, F.Y., Tite, J.P. J. Immunol. (1990) [Pubmed]
Experimental infection of ponies with equine influenza A2 (H3N8) virus strains of different pathogenicity elicits varying interferon and interleukin-6 responses. Wattrang, E., Jessett, D.M., Yates, P., Fuxler, L., Hannant, D. Viral Immunol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Separation of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza virus membrane by column displacement electrophoresis (isotachophoresis) with preservation of their activities. Johansson, G., Abusugra, I., Lövgren, K., Morein, B. Prep. Biochem. (1988) [Pubmed]
Antibody responses of horses to equine influenza viruses during a postepizootic period in Japan. Goto, H., Shimizu, K., Taya, Y., Noda, H., Tokunaga, T. Can. J. Comp. Med. (1982) [Pubmed]

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