Disease relevance of Triton

• By the Ouchteriony double-diffusion test, a precipitin line was observed between the anti-L-I antiserum and each Triton X-100 extract of livers during development, regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and carcinogenesis and of hyperplastic nodules and hepatomas, all of which revealed L-I in their esterase isoenzyme patterns [1].
• Metastatic malignant melanomas from 16 patients, extracted with Triton X-100, were analyzed for plasminogen activator activity by azocaseinolysis . In 6 cases tumor explants were set up also in short-term organ culture, and the rate of plasminogen activator secretion into the culture medium was determined [2].
• Analysis was made of plasminogen activator (PA) activities present in 0.125% Triton X-100 extracts of human primary colon carcinomas and of their respective serial subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice [3].
• In rats given estradiol separately or combined with progesterone, hypertriglyceridemia was uniformly associated with increased plasma triglyceride entry, estimated with the i.v. Triton WR1339 technique [4].
• A 39-kD polypeptide, purified by heparin affinity chromatography from Triton X-100 extracts derived from virulent borrelia, was a candidate for this receptor [5].

Psychiatry related information on Triton

• In addition, endogenous Abeta1-40 in a Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of a brain homogenate of the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease formed oligomers when the fraction was incubated at 4 degrees C for 20 hr [6].
• The use of Triton X-100 gave an improved response time [7].
• 2. We report (i) significant relationships between 5' DAT haplotypes and human individual differences in ventral striatal DAT expression assessed in vivo using [(11)C] cocaine PET and (ii) apparent confirmation of these results in studies of DAT expression in postmortem striatum using [(3)H] carboxyflurotropane binding [8].
• To test whether the myofilament response to Ca2+ is altered with chronic alcohol consumption, we measured the relation between Ca2+ and force of atrial fiber bundle preparations extracted with Triton X-100 [9].

High impact information on Triton

• The ATPase activity is 50% inhibited by 10 microM vanadate, 1 mM N-ethyl maleimide, or 5 mM AMP-PNP; it is enhanced 50% by 0.2% Triton [10].
• Furthermore, this sarcomeric protein partitions between the Triton X-100 insoluble and soluble phases to the same extent as the endogenous beta-actin [11].
• Immunoprecipitation of Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble cytoskeletal fractions with alpha- and beta-spectrin antisera show that, at steady state, alpha and beta spectrin are present in stoichiometric amounts, and exclusively, in the cytoskeleton [12].
• HeLa cytoskeletons prepared with Triton in a translation-extraction buffer without reticulocyte or wheat germ lysate efficiently incorporate 35S-methionine into polypeptides, and are stable during this translation [13].
• From compartment analysis and Triton solubilization it appears that XM1 is bound to the nuclear membrane [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Triton

• [(3)H] methyl incorporation into colonic DNA was 26% higher in patients with adenoma (95% CI: 8% to 56%, P = 0.009) and 30% higher in patients with cancer (95% CI: -3% to 48%, P = 0.08) compared with controls [15].
• Influenza virus HA glycoprotein, on the contrary, acquired resistance to endoglycosidase H and insolubility in Triton X-100, indicating passage through the Golgi [16].
• Sulfate is incorporated into exogenously added glycoproteins by sulfotransferases from Triton X-100-lysed Golgi membranes in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phospho[35S]sulfate, which is generated from [35S]sulfate by a ribosome-free supernate from Krebs ascites tumor cells [17].
• High molecular weight polypeptides (HMWPs) of 270,000 to 340,000 were found to be major components of intermediate filaments prepared by Triton X-100 extraction after spreading of rat glioma C6, HeLa, Chinese hamster ovary, and simian virus 40-transformed Chinese hamster lung cells [18].
• Epinephrine, on the other hand, promoted translocation of a portion of the pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi alpha-2 from the Triton-soluble fraction to the Triton-insoluble fraction [19].

Biological context of Triton

• Upon phosphorylation of Cbl, the CAP-Cbl complex dissociates from the insulin receptor and moves to a caveolin-enriched, triton-insoluble membrane fraction [20].
• In unstimulated platelets, a minor portion of the complex localized to Triton-insoluble raft fractions; this portion increased three to sixfold with platelet activation by VWF [21].
• Displacement of the lipids of LDL by Triton X-100 resulted in the formation of an apo B-Triton complex which, however, did not bind to the immunoglobulin; apparently the binding site on apo B was lost [22].
• ABCA1 transgene expression delayed 125I-apoA-I catabolism in both liver and kidney, leading to increased plasma apoA-I levels, but had no effect on apoB secretion after infusion of Triton WR1339 [23].
• After intragastric [(3)H]triolein administration in Triton WR1339-pretreated animals, the appearance of (3)H-triglycerides in plasma was reduced by 70% in Mdr2((-/-)) compared with Mdr2((+/+)) mice, excluding accelerated lipolysis as the cause of defective triglyceride response in Mdr2((-/-)) mice [24].

Anatomical context of Triton

• Acridine fluorescence reveals polyribosomes in fibroblasts and Triton-extracted skeletal frameworks; simultaneous phase-contrast images show cellular structure [25].
• Cultured cell Triton cytoskeletons enriched in intermediate filaments by extraction in high and low salt show, in addition to known intermediate-filament proteins and actin, a few other tenaciously bound polypeptides [26].
• In sharp contrast, extraction with Triton leaves only radioactive skeletal proteins, which, although released from ribosomes, are near polyribosomes after a pulse [25].
• Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (triton-acid-urea followed by SDS) has been used to resolve two previously uncharacterized, quantitatively minor histone variants in acid extracts from macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila [27].
• The protein composition of mitotic apparatus was not dramatically altered by treatment with 0.5% Triton X-100, even though vesicles were destroyed and yolk was extracted [28].

Associations of Triton with other chemical compounds

• Two populations of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid, one with low- and the other with high-affinity characteristics, are detectable in frozen, thawed, Triton-treated synaptic membrane preparations from normal brain [29].
• The activity, constituted by at least two isozymes I and II, can be solubilized by Triton X-100, has a pH optimum of 5.0-6.0, and recognizes only thymidine, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, and deoxycytidine as the phosphate acceptor [30].
• After MVM solubilization with 1% Triton X-100, affinity chromatography over oleate-agarose and elution with 7 M urea yielded a single 40,000-mol-wt protein [31].
• Additional in vivo studies with Triton-treated mice showed increased VLDL triglyceride, but not apo B, production in the HuCIIITg mice compared with controls [32].
• The bulk of the cytoplasmic and plasma membrane protein was removed by extraction with Triton X-100, and subsequently the juxtanuclear detergent-insoluble fraction containing filaments of 100-150 A was released into citrate buffer at pH 2 [33].

Gene context of Triton

• IL-11 induced a shift of hsp25 to Triton x-100 insoluble fractions containing cytoskeletal elements, which was not associated with altered hsp25 phosphorylation [34].
• EGFR dephosphorylation can also be modulated by these non-physiologic agents in isolated plasma membranes in the presence of Triton X-100 [35].
• The Ent1 protein was localized to peripheral and internal punctate structures, and biochemical fractionation studies found the protein associated with a large, Triton X-100-insoluble pellet [36].
• In addition, a small amount of iNOS was found to cofractionate with cav-1 in Triton X-100-insoluble membrane fractions where also iNOS degradation was apparent [37].
• Moreover, in Triton-skinned ventricular trabeculae, S100A1 protein significantly decreased myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity ([EC(50%)]) and Ca(2+) cooperativity, whereas maximal isometric force remained unchanged [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Triton

• Immunoglobulins were detergent-extrated by Triton X-100 and quantified by radioimmunoassay [39].
• Triton X-100 permeabilization of both intact human neutrophils and subcellular fractions obtained by density-gradient centrifugation revealed that 70 percent of the alkaline phosphatase is located in an intracellular compartment distinct from primary, secondary, and gelatinase granules and from the plasma membrane [40].
• The 50-kD antigen was solubilized with Triton X-100 from preparations enriched with synaptic plasma membranes, and was partially purified by molecular sieve filtration column chromatography [41].
• The amount of membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa in the platelets of these individuals was determined by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 soluble proteins using a multispecific rabbit antibody raised against normal platelets [42].
• Microdissected tubules (2 mm/sample, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100) or purified AQP-CHIP standards (0-200 fmol) were utilized in a fluorescence ELISA protocol after covalent immobilization on epoxy-activated Sepharose beads [43].

References